1 INTRODUCTION 44
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 44
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 44
1.3 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 45
1.3.1 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE 45
1.3.2 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY A DIELECTRIC MEDIUM 45
1.3.3 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE 45
1.3.4 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY ENCLOSURE TYPE 45
1.3.5 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION 46
1.3.6 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY END USER 46
1.3.7 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION 46
1.4 STUDY SCOPE 47
1.4.1 MARKETS COVERED 47
FIGURE 1 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET SEGMENTATION 47
1.4.2 REGIONAL SCOPE 48
FIGURE 2 COUNTRIES COVERED 48
1.4.3 YEARS CONSIDERED 48
1.5 CURRENCY CONSIDERED 49
1.6 UNITS CONSIDERED 49
1.7 LIMITATIONS 49
1.8 STAKEHOLDERS 49
1.9 SUMMARY OF CHANGES 50
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 51
2.1 RESEARCH DATA 51
FIGURE 3 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN 52
2.2 DATA TRIANGULATION 53
FIGURE 4 DATA TRIANGULATION 53
2.2.1 SECONDARY DATA 54
TABLE 1 LIST OF MAJOR SECONDARY SOURCES 54
2.2.1.1 Key data from secondary sources 54
2.2.2 PRIMARY DATA 55
TABLE 2 LIST OF PRIMARY INTERVIEW PARTICIPANTS 55
2.2.2.1 Key data from primary sources 55
2.2.2.2 Breakdown of primaries 56
FIGURE 5 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARIES: BY COMPANY TYPE, DESIGNATION, AND REGION 56
2.3 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 57
2.3.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 57
FIGURE 6 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET: BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 57
2.3.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 58
FIGURE 7 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET: TOP-DOWN APPROACH 58
2.3.3 DEMAND-SIDE ANALYSIS 59
2.3.4 DEMAND-SIDE METRICS 59
FIGURE 8 METRICS CONSIDERED TO ANALYZE AND ASSESS DEMAND FOR INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS 59
2.3.5 DEMAND-SIDE ASSUMPTIONS 59
2.3.6 DEMAND-SIDE CALCULATIONS 60
2.3.7 SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS 61
FIGURE 9 METRICS CONSIDERED TO ASSESS SUPPLY OF INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS 61
FIGURE 10 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET: SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS 62
2.3.8 SUPPLY-SIDE ASSUMPTIONS 62
2.3.9 SUPPLY-SIDE CALCULATIONS 62
2.3.10 PARAMETERS CONSIDERED TO ANALYZE GROWTH TRENDS 62
2.4 RISK ASSESSMENT 63
2.5 IMPACT OF RECESSION 63
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 64
TABLE 3 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET SNAPSHOT, 2023 VS. 2030 65
FIGURE 11 ASIA PACIFIC DOMINATED INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET IN 2022 66
FIGURE 12 CURRENT TRANSFORMERS TO DOMINATE MARKET THROUGHOUT FORECAST PERIOD 66
FIGURE 13 OUTDOOR ENCLOSURES TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGER MARKET SHARE IN 2023 67
FIGURE 14 DISTRIBUTION SEGMENT TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE OF INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET IN 2023 67
FIGURE 15 TRANSFORMER & CIRCUIT BREAKER BUSHING APPLICATION TO LEAD INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET IN 2023 68
FIGURE 16 POWER UTILITIES TO LEAD INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET THROUGHOUT FORECAST PERIOD 68
FIGURE 17 LIQUID DIELECTRIC INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS TO CAPTURE LARGEST MARKET SHARE IN 2023 69
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 70
4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET 70
FIGURE 18 SURGING DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY TO BOOST ADOPTION OF INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS IN COMING YEARS 70
4.2 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION 71
FIGURE 19 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC TO GROW AT HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD 71
4.3 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY ENCLOSURE TYPE AND COUNTRY, 2022 72
FIGURE 20 OUTDOOR SEGMENT AND CHINA ACCOUNTED FOR LARGEST SHARES OF INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC IN 2022 72
4.4 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE 73
FIGURE 21 CURRENT TRANSFORMERS TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE OF INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET IN 2030 73
4.5 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY ENCLOSURE TYPE 73
FIGURE 22 OUTDOOR ENCLOSURES TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGER SHARE OF INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET IN 2030 73
4.6 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE 74
FIGURE 23 DISTRIBUTION SEGMENT TO CAPTURE LARGEST SHARE OF INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET IN 2030 74
4.7 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION 74
FIGURE 24 TRANSFORMER & CIRCUIT BREAKER BUSHING SEGMENT TO DOMINATE INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET IN 2030 74
4.8 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY END USER 75
FIGURE 25 POWER UTILITIES SEGMENT LED INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET IN 2030 75
4.9 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY DIELECTRIC MEDIUM 75
FIGURE 26 LIQUID SEGMENT TO LEAD INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET IN 2030 75
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 76
5.1 INTRODUCTION 76
TABLE 4 COMPARISON OF CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS 76
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 77
FIGURE 27 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS: DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND THREATS 77
5.2.1 DRIVERS 77
5.2.1.1 Rising demand for electricity 77
TABLE 5 GLOBAL ELECTRICITY DEMAND AND SUPPLY, BY SCENARIO (TWH) 78
5.2.1.2 Strategic focus on grid modernization 79
FIGURE 28 GLOBAL INVESTMENTS IN POWER GRIDS, 2015–2022 80
5.2.1.3 High emphasis on integrating renewable energy sources into power grids 80
FIGURE 29 GLOBAL RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY CAPACITY EXPANSION, 2005–2028 81
5.2.2 RESTRAINTS 81
5.2.2.1 Substantial upfront cost associated with instrument transformers 81
5.2.2.2 Fluctuating raw material prices 82
FIGURE 30 AVERAGE ANNUAL PRICE OF COPPER, 2017–2023 (USD/KG) 82
5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 82
5.2.3.1 Growing use of digital technologies and smart sensors in instrument transformers 82
FIGURE 31 CUMULATIVE ENERGY SAVINGS IN BUILDINGS IN SELECTED COUNTRIES, 2017–2040 83
5.2.3.2 Rapid economic development and population growth in emerging markets 83
FIGURE 32 ENERGY INVESTMENTS IN EMERGING MARKETS, BY SOURCE TYPE, 2019 AND 2022 84
5.2.4 CHALLENGES 84
5.2.4.1 Lack of standardized cybersecurity protocols 84
5.2.4.2 Environmental concerns associated with manufacturing, use, and disposal of instrument transformers 85
5.3 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMERS’ BUSINESSES 85
5.3.1 TRENDS INFLUENCING CUSTOMER BUSINESS 85
FIGURE 33 TRENDS INFLUENCING CUSTOMER BUSINESS 86
5.4 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 87
FIGURE 34 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET 87
5.4.1 RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS 87
5.4.2 COMPONENT MANUFACTURERS 87
5.4.3 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MANUFACTURERS 88
5.4.4 DISTRIBUTORS 88
5.4.5 END USERS 88
5.4.6 POST-SALES SERVICE PROVIDERS 88
5.5 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 89
FIGURE 35 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER BUSINESS ECOSYSTEM 89
TABLE 6 ROLE OF KEY COMPANIES IN ECOSYSTEM 90
5.6 TECHNOLOGY TRENDS 91
5.6.1 ADOPTION OF DIGITAL AND SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES 91
5.6.2 USE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY 91
5.7 PATENT ANALYSIS 92
FIGURE 36 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET: INNOVATIONS AND PATENT REGISTRATIONS, 2013–2023 92
TABLE 7 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET: INNOVATIONS AND PATENT REGISTRATIONS, MARCH 2021–DECEMBER 2023 93
5.8 TRADE ANALYSIS 93
5.8.1 IMPORT SCENARIO 93
TABLE 8 IMPORT SCENARIO FOR HS CODE 8504-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2022 (USD THOUSAND ) 94
FIGURE 37 IMPORT VALUE OF HS CODE 8504-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS IN TOP 5 COUNTRIES, 2018–2022 (USD THOUSAND) 94
5.8.2 EXPORT SCENARIO 95
TABLE 9 EXPORT SCENARIO FOR HS CODE 8504-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2022 (USD THOUSAND) 95
FIGURE 38 EXPORT VALUE OF HS CODE 8504-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS IN TOP 5 COUNTRIES, 2018–2022 (USD THOUSAND) 96
5.9 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2024–2025 96
TABLE 10 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS MARKET: LIST OF KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS 96
5.10 TARIFF AND REGULATORY LANDSCAPE 98
5.10.1 TARIFF ANALYSIS 98
TABLE 11 COUNTRY-WISE IMPORT TARIFF FOR HS CODE 8504-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS, 2022 98
5.10.2 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 99
TABLE 12 NORTH AMERICA: LIST OF REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 99
TABLE 13 EUROPE: LIST OF REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 100
TABLE 14 ASIA PACIFIC: LIST OF REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 101
TABLE 15 ROW: LIST OF REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 102
5.10.3 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 102
TABLE 16 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET: CODES AND REGULATIONS 102
5.11 PRICING ANALYSIS 104
5.11.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY REGION 105
FIGURE 39 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS, BY REGION, 2019–2030 (USD/UNIT) 105
5.11.2 INDICATIVE PRICING ANALYSIS, BY VOLTAGE 105
5.12 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 106
FIGURE 40 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 106
TABLE 17 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 106
5.12.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 106
5.12.2 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 107
5.12.3 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 107
5.12.4 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 108
5.12.5 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 108
5.13 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA 108
5.13.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS 108
FIGURE 41 INFLUENCE OF KEY STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR END USERS 108
TABLE 18 INFLUENCE OF KEY STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR END USERS 109
5.13.2 BUYING CRITERIA 109
FIGURE 42 INFLUENCE OF KEY STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR END USERS 109
TABLE 19 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR END USERS 109
6 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE 110
6.1 INTRODUCTION 111
FIGURE 43 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2022 111
TABLE 20 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 111
TABLE 21 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 112
6.2 CURRENT 112
6.2.1 ABILITY TO MEASURE CURRENTS WITH HIGH ACCURACY TO BOOST DEMAND 112
TABLE 22 CURRENT: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 112
TABLE 23 CURRENT: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 113
6.3 POTENTIAL 113
6.3.1 UTILIZATION IN METERING, PROTECTION, AND CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEMS TO FUEL SEGMENTAL GROWTH 113
TABLE 24 POTENTIAL: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 113
TABLE 25 POTENTIAL: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 114
6.3.2 INDUCTIVE 114
6.3.3 CAPACITIVE 114
6.4 COMBINED 115
6.4.1 REDUCED TOTAL COST, LOWER MATERIAL COSTS, AND LESS SPACE REQUIREMENT TO ACCELERATE DEMAND 115
TABLE 26 COMBINED: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 115
TABLE 27 COMBINED: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 116
7 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY ENCLOSURE TYPE 117
7.1 INTRODUCTION 118
FIGURE 44 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY ENCLOSURE TYPE, 2023 118
TABLE 28 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY ENCLOSURE TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 118
TABLE 29 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY ENCLOSURE TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 118
7.2 INDOOR 119
7.2.1 PROTECTION AGAINST ACCIDENTAL CONTACT WITH HAZARDOUS INTERNAL COMPONENTS, DRIPPING WATER, AND FIBERS TO BOOST DEMAND 119
TABLE 30 INDOOR: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 119
TABLE 31 INDOOR: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 119
7.3 OUTDOOR 120
7.3.1 NEED TO PROTECT TRANSFORMERS FROM HARSH ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND POSSIBLE CONTAMINATION TO FUEL DEMAND 120
TABLE 32 OUTDOOR: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 120
TABLE 33 OUTDOOR: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 120
8 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY DIELECTRIC MEDIUM 121
8.1 INTRODUCTION 122
FIGURE 45 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY DIELECTRIC MEDIUM, 2023 122
TABLE 34 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY DIELECTRIC MEDIUM, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 122
TABLE 35 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY DIELECTRIC MEDIUM, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 123
8.2 LIQUID 123
8.2.1 HIGH-VOLTAGE APPLICATIONS TO DRIVE MARKET 123
TABLE 36 LIQUID: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 123
TABLE 37 LIQUID: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 124
8.3 SF6 GAS 124
8.3.1 LESS SPACE REQUIREMENTS TO BOOST DEMAND 124
TABLE 38 SF6 GAS: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 124
TABLE 39 SF6 GAS: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 125
8.4 SOLID 125
8.4.1 HIGH MECHANICAL STRENGTH, RESISTANCE TO AGING AND CHEMICAL DEGRADATION, AND LOW MOISTURE ABSORPTION FEATURES TO BOOST DEMAND 125
TABLE 40 SOLID: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 125
TABLE 41 SOLID: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 126
9 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE 127
9.1 INTRODUCTION 128
FIGURE 46 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE, 2023 128
TABLE 42 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 128
TABLE 43 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 129
9.2 DISTRIBUTION 129
9.2.1 NEED FOR ACCURATE MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING OF ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS TO FUEL DEMAND 129
TABLE 44 DISTRIBUTION: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 129
TABLE 45 DISTRIBUTION: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 130
9.3 SUB-TRANSMISSION 130
9.3.1 INCREASING USE IN SUBSTATIONS AND SWITCHYARDS OF CAPTIVE POWER PLANTS TO FOSTER SEGMENTAL GROWTH 130
TABLE 46 SUB-TRANSMISSION: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 130
TABLE 47 SUB-TRANSMISSION: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 131
9.4 HV TRANSMISSION 131
9.4.1 NEED TO TRANSMIT POWER OVER LONG DISTANCES TO BOOST INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER DEMAND 131
TABLE 48 HV TRANSMISSION: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 131
TABLE 49 HV TRANSMISSION: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 132
9.5 EHV TRANSMISSION 132
9.5.1 IMPLEMENTATION OF CAPACITIVE POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS IN EHV TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS TO ACCELERATE MARKET GROWTH 132
TABLE 50 EHV TRANSMISSION: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 132
TABLE 51 EHV TRANSMISSION: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 133
9.6 UHV TRANSMISSION 133
9.6.1 RISING USE OF CAPACITIVE POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS IN UHV TRANSMISSION GRIDS TO DRIVE MARKET 133
TABLE 52 UHV TRANSMISSION: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 133
TABLE 53 UHV TRANSMISSION: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 134
10 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION 135
10.1 INTRODUCTION 136
FIGURE 47 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023 136
TABLE 54 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 136
TABLE 55 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 137
10.2 TRANSFORMER & CIRCUIT BREAKER BUSHING 137
10.2.1 IMPROVED PERFORMANCE, RELIABILITY, AND DURABILITY BENEFITS TO DRIVE MARKET 137
TABLE 56 TRANSFORMER & CIRCUIT BREAKER BUSHING: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 137
TABLE 57 TRANSFORMER & CIRCUIT BREAKER BUSHING: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 138
10.3 SWITCHGEAR ASSEMBLIES 138
10.3.1 INCREASING NEED FOR ACCURATE MONITORING, CONTROL, AND PROTECTION OF ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS TO BOOST DEMAND 138
TABLE 58 SWITCHGEAR ASSEMBLIES: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 138
TABLE 59 SWITCHGEAR ASSEMBLIES: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 139
10.4 RELAYING 139
10.4.1 RISING FOCUS OF HEAVY INDUSTRIES ON PROTECTING CRITICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT TO PROPEL MARKET 139
TABLE 60 RELAYING: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 139
TABLE 61 RELAYING: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 140
10.5 METERING & PROTECTION 140
10.5.1 SURGING DEMAND FOR PRECISE MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING OF ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS IN POWER SYSTEMS TO DRIVE MARKET 140
TABLE 62 METERING & PROTECTION: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 141
TABLE 63 METERING & PROTECTION: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 141
10.6 PRIMARY METERING UNITS 141
10.6.1 PRESSING NEED FOR ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF HIGH INCOMING VOLTAGE TO BOOST DEMAND 141
TABLE 64 PRIMARY METERING UNITS: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 142
TABLE 65 PRIMARY METERING UNITS: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 142
11 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY END USER 143
11.1 INTRODUCTION 144
FIGURE 48 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY END USER, 2023 144
TABLE 66 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY END USER, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 144
TABLE 67 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY END USER, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 145
11.2 POWER UTILITIES 145
11.2.1 INCREASING FOCUS OF POWER UTILITIES ON EFFICIENT ENERGY MANAGEMENT TO BOOST DEMAND 145
TABLE 68 POWER UTILITIES: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 146
TABLE 69 POWER UTILITIES: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 146
TABLE 70 POWER UTILITIES: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY UTILITY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 146
TABLE 71 POWER UTILITIES: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY UTILITY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 147
11.3 TRANSMISSION UTILITIES 147
11.3.1 NEED TO TRANSMIT ELECTRICITY OVER LONG DISTANCES WITH MINIMAL POWER LOSSES TO BOOST DEMAND 147
11.4 DISTRIBUTION UTILITIES 148
11.4.1 RISING USE OF INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS TO ENSURE ACCURATE MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING OF ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS IN HIGH-VOLTAGE SYSTEMS TO DRIVE MARKET 148
11.5 POWER GENERATION PLANTS 148
11.5.1 INCREASING EMPHASIS ON REFURBISHING AGING POWER INFRASTRUCTURE TO FUEL MARKET GROWTH 148
TABLE 72 POWER GENERATION PLANTS: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 149
TABLE 73 POWER GENERATION PLANTS: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 149
11.6 RAILWAYS & METROS 149
11.6.1 GROWING INVESTMENTS IN RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE EXPANSION TO BOOST DEMAND 149
TABLE 74 RAILWAYS & METROS: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 150
TABLE 75 RAILWAYS & METROS: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 150
11.7 INDUSTRIES & OEMS 150
11.7.1 NEED TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO EXPENSIVE MACHINERY IN MANUFACTURING PLANTS TO ACCELERATE DEMAND 150
TABLE 76 INDUSTRIES & OEMS: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY INDUSTRY, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 151
TABLE 77 INDUSTRIES & OEMS: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY INDUSTRY, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 151
TABLE 78 INDUSTRIES & OEMS: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 151
TABLE 79 INDUSTRIES & OEMS: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 152
11.7.2 OIL & GAS 152
11.7.3 CEMENT 152
11.7.4 CHEMICALS 153
11.7.5 AUTOMOTIVE 153
11.7.6 INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY 153
12 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION 154
12.1 INTRODUCTION 155
FIGURE 49 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET SHARE, BY REGION, 2023 155
FIGURE 50 ASIA PACIFIC TO WITNESS HIGHEST CAGR IN INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 156
TABLE 80 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 156
TABLE 81 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 157
TABLE 82 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (THOUSAND UNITS) 157
TABLE 83 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (THOUSAND UNITS) 157
12.2 ASIA PACIFIC 158
12.2.1 RECESSION IMPACT ON MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC 158
FIGURE 51 ASIA PACIFIC: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET SNAPSHOT 159
12.2.2 BY TYPE 159
TABLE 84 ASIA PACIFIC: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 159
TABLE 85 ASIA PACIFIC: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 160
12.2.3 BY DIELECTRIC MEDIUM 160
TABLE 86 ASIA PACIFIC: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY DIELECTRIC MEDIUM, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 160
TABLE 87 ASIA PACIFIC: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY DIELECTRIC MEDIUM, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 160
12.2.4 BY VOLTAGE 161
TABLE 88 ASIA PACIFIC: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 161
TABLE 89 ASIA PACIFIC: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 161
12.2.5 BY ENCLOSURE TYPE 161
TABLE 90 ASIA PACIFIC: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY ENCLOSURE TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 161
TABLE 91 ASIA PACIFIC: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY ENCLOSURE TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 162
12.2.6 BY APPLICATION 162
TABLE 92 ASIA PACIFIC: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 162
TABLE 93 ASIA PACIFIC: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 162
12.2.7 BY END USER 163
TABLE 94 ASIA PACIFIC: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY END USER, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 163
TABLE 95 ASIA PACIFIC: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY END USER, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 163
12.2.8 BY COUNTRY 163
TABLE 96 ASIA PACIFIC: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 163
TABLE 97 ASIA PACIFIC: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 164
12.2.8.1 China 164
12.2.8.1.1 Rising investments in clean energy products to fuel market growth 164
TABLE 98 CHINA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 164
TABLE 99 CHINA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 165
TABLE 100 CHINA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 165
TABLE 101 CHINA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 165
12.2.8.2 India 166
12.2.8.2.1 Government initiatives in electrification projects to stimulate market growth 166
TABLE 102 INDIA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 166
TABLE 103 INDIA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 167
TABLE 104 INDIA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 167
TABLE 105 INDIA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 167
12.2.8.3 Japan 168
12.2.8.3.1 Need to upgrade aging infrastructure to boost demand 168
TABLE 106 JAPAN: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 168
TABLE 107 JAPAN: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 168
TABLE 108 JAPAN: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 169
TABLE 109 JAPAN: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 169
12.2.8.4 South Korea 169
12.2.8.4.1 Rapid transition toward renewable energy sources to accelerate demand 169
TABLE 110 SOUTH KOREA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 170
TABLE 111 SOUTH KOREA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 170
TABLE 112 SOUTH KOREA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 171
TABLE 113 SOUTH KOREA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 171
12.2.8.5 Australia 171
12.2.8.5.1 Electrification projects by railway industry to create lucrative opportunities for instrument transformer manufacturers 171
TABLE 114 AUSTRALIA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 172
TABLE 115 AUSTRALIA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 172
TABLE 116 AUSTRALIA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 173
TABLE 117 AUSTRALIA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 173
12.2.8.6 Rest of Asia Pacific 173
TABLE 118 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 174
TABLE 119 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 174
TABLE 120 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 174
TABLE 121 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 175
12.3 EUROPE 175
12.3.1 RECESSION IMPACT ON MARKET IN EUROPE 175
FIGURE 52 EUROPE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET SNAPSHOT 176
12.3.2 BY TYPE 176
TABLE 122 EUROPE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 176
TABLE 123 EUROPE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 177
12.3.3 BY DIELECTRIC MEDIUM 177
TABLE 124 EUROPE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY DIELECTRIC MEDIUM, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 177
TABLE 125 EUROPE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY DIELECTRIC MEDIUM, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 177
12.3.4 BY VOLTAGE 178
TABLE 126 EUROPE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 178
TABLE 127 EUROPE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 178
12.3.5 BY ENCLOSURE TYPE 178
TABLE 128 EUROPE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY ENCLOSURE TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 178
TABLE 129 EUROPE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY ENCLOSURE TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 179
12.3.6 BY APPLICATION 179
TABLE 130 EUROPE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 179
TABLE 131 EUROPE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 179
12.3.7 BY END USER 180
TABLE 132 EUROPE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY END USER, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 180
TABLE 133 EUROPE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY END USER, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 180
12.3.8 BY COUNTRY 180
TABLE 134 EUROPE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 180
TABLE 135 EUROPE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 181
12.3.8.1 Germany 181
12.3.8.1.1 Significant focus on expanding grid infrastructure and power transmission network to drive market 181
TABLE 136 GERMANY: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 182
TABLE 137 GERMANY: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 182
TABLE 138 GERMANY: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 182
TABLE 139 GERMANY: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 183
12.3.8.2 UK 183
12.3.8.2.1 Increasing focus on renewable energy sources to propel market 183
TABLE 140 UK: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 183
TABLE 141 UK: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 184
TABLE 142 UK: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 184
TABLE 143 UK: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 184
12.3.8.3 France 185
12.3.8.3.1 Smart grid development projects to provide growth opportunities 185
TABLE 144 FRANCE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 185
TABLE 145 FRANCE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 185
TABLE 146 FRANCE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 186
TABLE 147 FRANCE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 186
12.3.8.4 Spain 186
12.3.8.4.1 Prominent presence of international players, including ABB, GE, and Siemens, to stimulate demand 186
TABLE 148 SPAIN: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 187
TABLE 149 SPAIN: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 187
TABLE 150 SPAIN: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 187
TABLE 151 SPAIN: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 188
12.3.8.5 Sweden 188
12.3.8.5.1 Rapid transition toward smart grid technology to boost demand 188
TABLE 152 SWEDEN: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 189
TABLE 153 SWEDEN: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 189
TABLE 154 SWEDEN: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 189
TABLE 155 SWEDEN: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 190
12.3.8.6 Norway 190
12.3.8.6.1 Growing focus on improving hydropower expertise to fuel market growth 190
TABLE 156 NORWAY: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 190
TABLE 157 NORWAY: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 191
TABLE 158 NORWAY: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 191
TABLE 159 NORWAY: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 191
12.3.8.7 Russia 192
12.3.8.7.1 Geopolitical tensions to impact market growth 192
TABLE 160 RUSSIA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 192
TABLE 161 RUSSIA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 193
TABLE 162 RUSSIA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 193
TABLE 163 RUSSIA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 193
12.3.8.8 Rest of Europe 194
TABLE 164 REST OF EUROPE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 194
TABLE 165 REST OF EUROPE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 194
TABLE 166 REST OF EUROPE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 195
TABLE 167 REST OF EUROPE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 195
12.4 NORTH AMERICA 195
12.4.1 BY TYPE 196
TABLE 168 NORTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 196
TABLE 169 NORTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 196
12.4.2 BY DIELECTRIC MEDIUM 196
TABLE 170 NORTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY DIELECTRIC MEDIUM, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 196
TABLE 171 NORTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY DIELECTRIC MEDIUM, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 197
12.4.3 BY VOLTAGE 197
TABLE 172 NORTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 197
TABLE 173 NORTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 197
12.4.4 BY ENCLOSURE TYPE 198
TABLE 174 NORTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY ENCLOSURE TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 198
TABLE 175 NORTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY ENCLOSURE TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 198
12.4.5 BY APPLICATION 198
TABLE 176 NORTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 198
TABLE 177 NORTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 199
12.4.6 BY END USER 199
TABLE 178 NORTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY END USER, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 199
TABLE 179 NORTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY END USER, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 199
12.4.7 BY COUNTRY 200
TABLE 180 NORTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 200
TABLE 181 NORTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 200
12.4.7.1 US 200
12.4.7.1.1 Pressing need to shift from aging coal-fired power plants to gas-fired flexible power plants to boost demand 200
TABLE 182 US: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 201
TABLE 183 US: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 201
TABLE 184 US: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 201
TABLE 185 US: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 202
12.4.7.2 Canada 202
12.4.7.2.1 Growing implementation of captive power plants to stimulate market growth 202
TABLE 186 CANADA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 202
TABLE 187 CANADA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 203
TABLE 188 CANADA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 203
TABLE 189 CANADA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 203
12.4.7.3 Mexico 204
12.4.7.3.1 Increasing investments in power infrastructure to boost demand 204
TABLE 190 MEXICO: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 204
TABLE 191 MEXICO: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 204
TABLE 192 MEXICO: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 205
TABLE 193 MEXICO: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 205
12.5.1 RECESSION IMPACT ON MARKET IN MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 206
12.5.2 BY TYPE 206
TABLE 194 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 206
TABLE 195 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 206
12.5.3 BY DIELECTRIC MEDIUM 207
TABLE 196 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY DIELECTRIC MEDIUM, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 207
TABLE 197 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY DIELECTRIC MEDIUM, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 207
12.5.4 BY VOLTAGE 207
TABLE 198 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 207
TABLE 199 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 208
12.5.5 BY ENCLOSURE TYPE 208
TABLE 200 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY ENCLOSURE TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 208
TABLE 201 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY ENCLOSURE TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 208
12.5.6 BY APPLICATION 209
TABLE 202 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 209
TABLE 203 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 209
12.5.7 BY END USER 209
TABLE 204 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY END USER, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 209
TABLE 205 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY END USER, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 210
12.5.8 BY COUNTRY 210
TABLE 206 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 210
TABLE 207 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 210
12.5.8.1 GCC countries 211
12.5.8.1.1 Saudi Arabia 211
12.5.8.1.1.1 Government policies aiming to reduce carbon emissions to drive market growth 211
TABLE 208 SAUDI ARABIA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 212
TABLE 209 SAUDI ARABIA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 212
TABLE 210 SAUDI ARABIA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 212
TABLE 211 SAUDI ARABIA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 213
12.5.8.1.2 UAE 213
12.5.8.1.2.1 Rapid economic development and increasing demand for power to propel market 213
TABLE 212 UAE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 213
TABLE 213 UAE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 214
TABLE 214 UAE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 214
TABLE 215 UAE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 214
12.5.8.1.3 Qatar 215
12.5.8.1.3.1 Government policies favoring utilization of renewables in power generation to boost demand 215
TABLE 216 QATAR: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 215
TABLE 217 QATAR: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 215
TABLE 218 QATAR: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 216
TABLE 219 QATAR: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 216
12.5.8.1.4 Rest of GCC countries 216
TABLE 220 REST OF GCC COUNTRIES: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 217
TABLE 221 REST OF GCC COUNTRIES: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 217
TABLE 222 REST OF GCC COUNTRIES: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 218
TABLE 223 REST OF GCC COUNTRIES: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 218
12.5.8.2 South Africa 218
12.5.8.2.1 Grid modernization initiative to fuel market growth 218
TABLE 224 SOUTH AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 219
TABLE 225 SOUTH AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 219
TABLE 226 SOUTH AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 220
TABLE 227 SOUTH AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 220
12.5.8.3 Rest of Middle East & Africa 220
TABLE 228 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 221
TABLE 229 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 221
TABLE 230 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 221
TABLE 231 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 222
12.6 SOUTH AMERICA 222
12.6.1 GROWING FOCUS ON OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES TO FOSTER MARKET GROWTH 222
12.6.2 RECESSION IMPACT ON MARKET IN SOUTH AMERICA 222
12.6.3 BY TYPE 223
TABLE 232 SOUTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 223
TABLE 233 SOUTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 223
12.6.4 BY DIELECTRIC MEDIUM 223
TABLE 234 SOUTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY DIELECTRIC MEDIUM, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 223
TABLE 235 SOUTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY DIELECTRIC MEDIUM, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 224
12.6.5 BY VOLTAGE 224
TABLE 236 SOUTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 224
TABLE 237 SOUTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 224
12.6.6 BY ENCLOSURE TYPE 225
TABLE 238 SOUTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY ENCLOSURE TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 225
TABLE 239 SOUTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY ENCLOSURE TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 225
12.6.7 BY APPLICATION 225
TABLE 240 SOUTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 225
TABLE 241 SOUTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 226
12.6.8 BY END USER 226
TABLE 242 SOUTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY END USER, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 226
TABLE 243 SOUTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY END USER, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 226
12.6.9 BY COUNTRY 227
TABLE 244 SOUTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 227
TABLE 245 SOUTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 227
12.6.9.1 Brazil 227
12.6.9.1.1 Increasing electrification initiatives to boost demand 227
TABLE 246 BRAZIL: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 228
TABLE 247 BRAZIL: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 228
TABLE 248 BRAZIL: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 228
TABLE 249 BRAZIL: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 229
12.6.9.2 Argentina 229
12.6.9.2.1 Thriving industrial sector to boost demand 229
TABLE 250 ARGENTINA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 229
TABLE 251 ARGENTINA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 230
TABLE 252 ARGENTINA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 230
TABLE 253 ARGENTINA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 230
12.6.9.3 Chile 231
12.6.9.3.1 Advancements in power infrastructure to drive market 231
TABLE 254 CHILE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 231
TABLE 255 CHILE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 231
TABLE 256 CHILE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 232
TABLE 257 CHILE: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 232
12.6.9.4 Rest of South America 232
TABLE 258 REST OF SOUTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 233
TABLE 259 REST OF SOUTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 233
TABLE 260 REST OF SOUTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 233
TABLE 261 REST OF SOUTH AMERICA: INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 234
13 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 235
13.1 INTRODUCTION 235
13.2 STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY KEY PLAYERS, 2019–2022 235
TABLE 262 STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY MAJOR PLAYERS, 2019–2022 235
13.3 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2022 238
TABLE 263 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET: DEGREE OF COMPETITION 238
FIGURE 53 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS OF KEY PLAYERS, 2022 239
13.4 REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP PLAYERS, 2018–2022 240
FIGURE 54 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET: REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP 5 PLAYERS, 2018–2022 240
13.5 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX, 2022 241
13.5.1 STARS 241
13.5.2 PERVASIVE PLAYERS 241
13.5.3 EMERGING LEADERS 241
13.5.4 PARTICIPANTS 241
FIGURE 55 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET: COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX, 2022 242
13.5.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT (KEY PLAYERS) 243
TABLE 264 TYPE FOOTPRINT 243
TABLE 265 DIELECTRIC MEDIUM FOOTPRINT 244
TABLE 266 ENCLOSURE TYPE FOOTPRINT 245
TABLE 267 APPLICATION FOOTPRINT 246
TABLE 268 END USER FOOTPRINT 247
TABLE 269 REGION FOOTPRINT 248
TABLE 270 OVERALL COMPANY FOOTPRINT 249
13.6 START-UP/SME EVALUATION MATRIX, 2022 250
13.6.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES 250
13.6.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES 250
13.6.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES 250
13.6.4 STARTING BLOCKS 250
FIGURE 56 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET: START-UP/SME EVALUATION MATRIX, 2022 251
13.6.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING 252
TABLE 271 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET: COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF START-UPS/SMES 252
TABLE 272 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET: LIST OF KEY START-UPS/SMES 252
13.7 COMPETITIVE SCENARIOS 253
13.7.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES 253
TABLE 273 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET: PRODUCT LAUNCHES, FEBRUARY 2020–MARCH 2023 253
13.7.2 DEALS 254
TABLE 274 INSTRUMENTAL TRANSFORMER MARKET: DEALS, OCTOBER 2021– DECEMBER 2023 254
13.7.3 OTHERS 256
TABLE 275 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER MARKET: OTHERS, APRIL 2019–DECEMBER 2023 256
14 COMPANY PROFILES 257
14.1 KEY PLAYERS 257
(Business Overview, Products/Services/Solutions Offered, MnM View, Key Strengths and Right to Win, Strategic Choices Made, Weaknesses and Competitive Threats, Recent Developments)*
14.1.1 ABB 257
TABLE 276 ABB: COMPANY OVERVIEW 257
FIGURE 57 ABB: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 258
TABLE 277 ABB: PRODUCTS OFFERED 258
TABLE 278 ABB: DEALS 259
14.1.2 GENERAL ELECTRIC 262
TABLE 279 GENERAL ELECTRIC: COMPANY OVERVIEW 262
FIGURE 58 GENERAL ELECTRIC: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 263
TABLE 280 GENERAL ELECTRIC: PRODUCTS OFFERED 263
TABLE 281 GENERAL ELECTRIC: PRODUCT LAUNCHES 265
TABLE 282 GENERAL ELECTRIC: DEALS 265
14.1.3 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC 267
TABLE 283 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC: COMPANY OVERVIEW 267
FIGURE 59 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 268
TABLE 284 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC: PRODUCTS OFFERED 268
TABLE 285 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC: DEALS 269
14.1.4 SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC 270
TABLE 286 SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC: COMPANY OVERVIEW 270
FIGURE 60 SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 271
TABLE 287 SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC: PRODUCTS OFFERED 271
14.1.5 SIEMENS ENERGY 274
TABLE 288 SIEMENS ENERGY: COMPANY OVERVIEW 274
FIGURE 61 SIEMENS ENERGY: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 275
TABLE 289 SIEMENS ENERGY: PRODUCTS OFFERED 275
TABLE 290 SIEMENS ENERGY: DEALS 276
14.1.6 ARTECHE 277
TABLE 291 ARTECHE: COMPANY OVERVIEW 277
FIGURE 62 ARTECHE: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 278
TABLE 292 ARTECHE: PRODUCTS OFFERED 278
TABLE 293 ARTECHE: PRODUCT LAUNCHES 283
TABLE 294 ARTECHE: DEALS 284
TABLE 295 ARTECHE: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 284
14.1.7 BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED (BHEL) 286
TABLE 296 BHEL: COMPANY OVERVIEW 286
FIGURE 63 BHEL: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 287
TABLE 297 BHEL: PRODUCTS OFFERED 287
14.1.8 CG POWER AND INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS 288
TABLE 298 CG POWER AND INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS: COMPANY OVERVIEW 288
FIGURE 64 CG POWER AND INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 289
TABLE 299 CG POWER AND INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS: PRODUCTS OFFERED 289
TABLE 300 CG POWER AND INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS: PRODUCT LAUNCHES 290
14.1.9 NISSIN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. 291
TABLE 301 NISSIN ELECTRIC CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 291
FIGURE 65 NISSIN ELECTRIC CO., LTD.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 292
TABLE 302 NISSIN ELECTRIC CO., LTD.: PRODUCTS OFFERED 293
14.1.10 EMEK ELEKTRIK ENDÜSTRISI A.S 294
TABLE 303 EMEK ELEKTRIK ENDÜSTRISI A.S: COMPANY OVERVIEW 294
TABLE 304 EMEK ELEKTRIK ENDÜSTRISI A.S: PRODUCTS OFFERED 294
14.1.11 INDIAN TRANSFORMERS AND ELECTRICALS PVT. LTD 296
TABLE 305 INDIAN TRANSFORMERS AND ELECTRICALS PVT. LTD: COMPANY OVERVIEW 296
TABLE 306 INDIAN TRANSFORMERS AND ELECTRICALS PVT. LTD: PRODUCTS OFFERED 296
14.1.12 MEHRU 297
TABLE 307 MEHRU: COMPANY OVERVIEW 297
TABLE 308 MEHRU: PRODUCTS OFFERED 297
14.1.13 KONČAR - INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS INC. 299
TABLE 309 KONČAR - INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 299
FIGURE 66 KONČAR- INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 300
TABLE 310 KONČAR - INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS INC.: PRODUCTS OFFERED 300
14.1.14 PFIFFNER GROUP 302
TABLE 311 PFIFFNER GROUP: COMPANY OVERVIEW 302
TABLE 312 PFIFFNER GROUP: PRODUCTS OFFERED 302
TABLE 313 PFIFFNER GROUP: DEALS 303
14.1.15 RITZ INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS GMBH 304
TABLE 314 RITZ INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS GMBH: COMPANY OVERVIEW 304
TABLE 315 RITZ INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS GMBH: PRODUCTS OFFERED 304
*Business Overview, Products/Services/Solutions Offered, MnM View, Key Strengths and Right to Win, Strategic Choices Made, Weaknesses and Competitive Threats, Recent Developments might not be captured in case of unlisted companies.
14.2 OTHER PLAYERS 305
14.2.1 CHINT GROUP 305
14.2.2 WEG 305
14.2.3 AMRAN, INC. 306
14.2.4 STRATON ELECTRICALS PVT. LTD. 306
14.2.5 DALIAN HUAYI ELECTRIC POWER ELECTRIC APPLIANCES CO., LTD. 307
14.2.6 ENPAY ENDÜSTRIYEL PAZARLAMA VE YATIRIM A.Ş. (ENPAY) 308
14.2.7 DALIAN NORTH INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER GROUP CO., LTD. 308
14.2.8 SIEYUAN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. 309
14.2.9 AUTOMATIC ELECTRIC LTD. 309
14.2.10 VAMET INDUSTRIES 310
15 APPENDIX 311
15.1 INSIGHTS FROM INDUSTRY EXPERTS 311
15.2 DISCUSSION GUIDE 312
15.3 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 315
15.4 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS 317
15.5 RELATED REPORTS 317
15.6 AUTHOR DETAILS 318
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