1 Market Overview
1.1 Reusable Express Box Introduction
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.2.1 Overview: Global Reusable Express Box Revenue by Type: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.2.2 PC
1.2.3 PP
1.3 Market Analysis by Application
1.3.1 Overview: Global Reusable Express Box Revenue by Application: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.3.2 Logistics
1.3.3 Transportation
1.4 Global Reusable Express Box Market Size & Forecast
1.4.1 Global Reusable Express Box Sales in Value (2017 & 2021 & 2028)
1.4.2 Global Reusable Express Box Sales in Volume (2017-2028)
1.4.3 Global Reusable Express Box Price (2017-2028)
1.5 Global Reusable Express Box Production Capacity Analysis
1.5.1 Global Reusable Express Box Total Production Capacity (2017-2028)
1.5.2 Global Reusable Express Box Production Capacity by Geographic Region
1.6 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends
1.6.1 Reusable Express Box Market Drivers
1.6.2 Reusable Express Box Market Restraints
1.6.3 Reusable Express Box Trends Analysis
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 Sfexpress
2.1.1 Sfexpress Details
2.1.2 Sfexpress Major Business
2.1.3 Sfexpress Reusable Express Box Product and Services
2.1.4 Sfexpress Reusable Express Box Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.2 SUNING
2.2.1 SUNING Details
2.2.2 SUNING Major Business
2.2.3 SUNING Reusable Express Box Product and Services
2.2.4 SUNING Reusable Express Box Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.3 Hangzhou Shengjiazhong Internet of Things Technology Co., Ltd.
2.3.1 Hangzhou Shengjiazhong Internet of Things Technology Co., Ltd. Details
2.3.2 Hangzhou Shengjiazhong Internet of Things Technology Co., Ltd. Major Business
2.3.3 Hangzhou Shengjiazhong Internet of Things Technology Co., Ltd. Reusable Express Box Product and Services
2.3.4 Hangzhou Shengjiazhong Internet of Things Technology Co., Ltd. Reusable Express Box Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.4 ZTO
2.4.1 ZTO Details
2.4.2 ZTO Major Business
2.4.3 ZTO Reusable Express Box Product and Services
2.4.4 ZTO Reusable Express Box Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.5 YTO EXPRESS
2.5.1 YTO EXPRESS Details
2.5.2 YTO EXPRESS Major Business
2.5.3 YTO EXPRESS Reusable Express Box Product and Services
2.5.4 YTO EXPRESS Reusable Express Box Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.6 STO.Express
2.6.1 STO.Express Details
2.6.2 STO.Express Major Business
2.6.3 STO.Express Reusable Express Box Product and Services
2.6.4 STO.Express Reusable Express Box Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3 Reusable Express Box Breakdown Data by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Reusable Express Box Sales in Volume by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3.2 Global Reusable Express Box Revenue by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3.3 Key Manufacturer Market Position in Reusable Express Box
3.4 Market Concentration Rate
3.4.1 Top 3 Reusable Express Box Manufacturer Market Share in 2021
3.4.2 Top 6 Reusable Express Box Manufacturer Market Share in 2021
3.5 Global Reusable Express Box Production Capacity by Company: 2021 VS 2022
3.6 Manufacturer by Geography: Head Office and Reusable Express Box Production Site
3.7 New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions
4 Market Analysis by Region
4.1 Global Reusable Express Box Market Size by Region
4.1.1 Global Reusable Express Box Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
4.1.2 Global Reusable Express Box Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
4.2 North America Reusable Express Box Revenue (2017-2028)
4.3 Europe Reusable Express Box Revenue (2017-2028)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Reusable Express Box Revenue (2017-2028)
4.5 South America Reusable Express Box Revenue (2017-2028)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Reusable Express Box Revenue (2017-2028)
5 Market Segment by Type
5.1 Global Reusable Express Box Sales in Volume by Type (2017-2028)
5.2 Global Reusable Express Box Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
5.3 Global Reusable Express Box Price by Type (2017-2028)
6 Market Segment by Application
6.1 Global Reusable Express Box Sales in Volume by Application (2017-2028)
6.2 Global Reusable Express Box Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
6.3 Global Reusable Express Box Price by Application (2017-2028)
7 North America by Country, by Type, and by Application
7.1 North America Reusable Express Box Sales by Type (2017-2028)
7.2 North America Reusable Express Box Sales by Application (2017-2028)
7.3 North America Reusable Express Box Market Size by Country
7.3.1 North America Reusable Express Box Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.2 North America Reusable Express Box Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8 Europe by Country, by Type, and by Application
8.1 Europe Reusable Express Box Sales by Type (2017-2028)
8.2 Europe Reusable Express Box Sales by Application (2017-2028)
8.3 Europe Reusable Express Box Market Size by Country
8.3.1 Europe Reusable Express Box Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.2 Europe Reusable Express Box Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9 Asia-Pacific by Region, by Type, and by Application
9.1 Asia-Pacific Reusable Express Box Sales by Type (2017-2028)
9.2 Asia-Pacific Reusable Express Box Sales by Application (2017-2028)
9.3 Asia-Pacific Reusable Express Box Market Size by Region
9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Reusable Express Box Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Reusable Express Box Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10 South America by Region, by Type, and by Application
10.1 South America Reusable Express Box Sales by Type (2017-2028)
10.2 South America Reusable Express Box Sales by Application (2017-2028)
10.3 South America Reusable Express Box Market Size by Country
10.3.1 South America Reusable Express Box Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.2 South America Reusable Express Box Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11 Middle East & Africa by Country, by Type, and by Application
11.1 Middle East & Africa Reusable Express Box Sales by Type (2017-2028)
11.2 Middle East & Africa Reusable Express Box Sales by Application (2017-2028)
11.3 Middle East & Africa Reusable Express Box Market Size by Country
11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Reusable Express Box Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Reusable Express Box Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
12 Raw Material and Industry Chain
12.1 Raw Material of Reusable Express Box and Key Manufacturers
12.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Reusable Express Box
12.3 Reusable Express Box Production Process
12.4 Reusable Express Box Industrial Chain
13 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
13.1 Sales Channel
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.2 Reusable Express Box Typical Distributors
13.3 Reusable Express Box Typical Customers
14 Research Findings and Conclusion
15 Appendix
15.1 Methodology
15.2 Research Process and Data Source
15.3 Disclaimer
Table 1. Global Reusable Express Box Revenue by Type, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 2. Global Reusable Express Box Revenue by Application, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 3. Sfexpress Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 4. Sfexpress Major Business
Table 5. Sfexpress Reusable Express Box Product and Services
Table 6. Sfexpress Reusable Express Box Sales (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 7. SUNING Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 8. SUNING Major Business
Table 9. SUNING Reusable Express Box Product and Services
Table 10. SUNING Reusable Express Box Sales (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 11. Hangzhou Shengjiazhong Internet of Things Technology Co., Ltd. Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 12. Hangzhou Shengjiazhong Internet of Things Technology Co., Ltd. Major Business
Table 13. Hangzhou Shengjiazhong Internet of Things Technology Co., Ltd. Reusable Express Box Product and Services
Table 14. Hangzhou Shengjiazhong Internet of Things Technology Co., Ltd. Reusable Express Box Sales (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 15. ZTO Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 16. ZTO Major Business
Table 17. ZTO Reusable Express Box Product and Services
Table 18. ZTO Reusable Express Box Sales (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 19. YTO EXPRESS Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 20. YTO EXPRESS Major Business
Table 21. YTO EXPRESS Reusable Express Box Product and Services
Table 22. YTO EXPRESS Reusable Express Box Sales (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 23. STO.Express Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 24. STO.Express Major Business
Table 25. STO.Express Reusable Express Box Product and Services
Table 26. STO.Express Reusable Express Box Sales (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 27. Global Reusable Express Box Sales by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022) & (K Units)
Table 28. Global Reusable Express Box Revenue by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022) & (USD Million)
Table 29. Market Position of Manufacturers in Reusable Express Box, (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3), Based on Revenue in 2021
Table 30. Global Reusable Express Box Production Capacity by Company, (K Units): 2020 VS 2021
Table 31. Head Office and Reusable Express Box Production Site of Key Manufacturer
Table 32. Reusable Express Box New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
Table 33. Reusable Express Box Mergers & Acquisitions in the Past Five Years
Table 34. Global Reusable Express Box Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 35. Global Reusable Express Box Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 36. Global Reusable Express Box Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 37. Global Reusable Express Box Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 38. Global Reusable Express Box Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 39. Global Reusable Express Box Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 40. Global Reusable Express Box Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 41. Global Reusable Express Box Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 42. Global Reusable Express Box Price by Type (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)
Table 43. Global Reusable Express Box Price by Type (2023-2028) & (US$/Unit)
Table 44. Global Reusable Express Box Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 45. Global Reusable Express Box Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 46. Global Reusable Express Box Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 47. Global Reusable Express Box Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 48. Global Reusable Express Box Price by Application (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)
Table 49. Global Reusable Express Box Price by Application (2023-2028) & (US$/Unit)
Table 50. North America Reusable Express Box Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 51. North America Reusable Express Box Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 52. North America Reusable Express Box Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 53. North America Reusable Express Box Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 54. North America Reusable Express Box Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 55. North America Reusable Express Box Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 56. North America Reusable Express Box Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 57. North America Reusable Express Box Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 58. Europe Reusable Express Box Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 59. Europe Reusable Express Box Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 60. Europe Reusable Express Box Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 61. Europe Reusable Express Box Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 62. Europe Reusable Express Box Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 63. Europe Reusable Express Box Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 64. Europe Reusable Express Box Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 65. Europe Reusable Express Box Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 66. Asia-Pacific Reusable Express Box Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 67. Asia-Pacific Reusable Express Box Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 68. Asia-Pacific Reusable Express Box Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 69. Asia-Pacific Reusable Express Box Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 70. Asia-Pacific Reusable Express Box Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 71. Asia-Pacific Reusable Express Box Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 72. Asia-Pacific Reusable Express Box Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 73. Asia-Pacific Reusable Express Box Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 74. South America Reusable Express Box Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 75. South America Reusable Express Box Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 76. South America Reusable Express Box Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 77. South America Reusable Express Box Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 78. South America Reusable Express Box Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 79. South America Reusable Express Box Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 80. South America Reusable Express Box Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 81. South America Reusable Express Box Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 82. Middle East & Africa Reusable Express Box Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 83. Middle East & Africa Reusable Express Box Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 84. Middle East & Africa Reusable Express Box Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 85. Middle East & Africa Reusable Express Box Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 86. Middle East & Africa Reusable Express Box Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 87. Middle East & Africa Reusable Express Box Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 88. Middle East & Africa Reusable Express Box Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 89. Middle East & Africa Reusable Express Box Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 90. Reusable Express Box Raw Material
Table 91. Key Manufacturers of Reusable Express Box Raw Materials
Table 92. Direct Channel Pros & Cons
Table 93. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons
Table 94. Reusable Express Box Typical Distributors
Table 95. Reusable Express Box Typical Customers
List of Figures
Figure 1. Reusable Express Box Picture
Figure 2. Global Reusable Express Box Revenue Market Share by Type in 2021
Figure 3. PC
Figure 4. PP
Figure 5. Global Reusable Express Box Revenue Market Share by Application in 2021
Figure 6. Logistics
Figure 7. Transportation
Figure 8. Global Reusable Express Box Revenue, (USD Million) & (K Units): 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Figure 9. Global Reusable Express Box Revenue and Forecast (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 10. Global Reusable Express Box Sales (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 11. Global Reusable Express Box Price (2017-2028) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 12. Global Reusable Express Box Production Capacity (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 13. Global Reusable Express Box Production Capacity by Geographic Region: 2022 VS 2028
Figure 14. Reusable Express Box Market Drivers
Figure 15. Reusable Express Box Market Restraints
Figure 16. Reusable Express Box Market Trends
Figure 17. Global Reusable Express Box Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Figure 18. Global Reusable Express Box Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Figure 19. Reusable Express Box Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) in 2021
Figure 20. Top 3 Reusable Express Box Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure 21. Top 6 Reusable Express Box Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure 22. Global Reusable Express Box Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 23. Global Reusable Express Box Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 24. North America Reusable Express Box Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 25. Europe Reusable Express Box Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 26. Asia-Pacific Reusable Express Box Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 27. South America Reusable Express Box Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 28. Middle East & Africa Reusable Express Box Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 29. Global Reusable Express Box Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 30. Global Reusable Express Box Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 31. Global Reusable Express Box Price by Type (2017-2028) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 32. Global Reusable Express Box Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 33. Global Reusable Express Box Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 34. Global Reusable Express Box Price by Application (2017-2028) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 35. North America Reusable Express Box Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 36. North America Reusable Express Box Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 37. North America Reusable Express Box Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 38. North America Reusable Express Box Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 39. United States Reusable Express Box Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 40. Canada Reusable Express Box Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 41. Mexico Reusable Express Box Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 42. Europe Reusable Express Box Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 43. Europe Reusable Express Box Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 44. Europe Reusable Express Box Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 45. Europe Reusable Express Box Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 46. Germany Reusable Express Box Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 47. France Reusable Express Box Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 48. United Kingdom Reusable Express Box Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 49. Russia Reusable Express Box Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 50. Italy Reusable Express Box Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 51. Asia-Pacific Reusable Express Box Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 52. Asia-Pacific Reusable Express Box Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 53. Asia-Pacific Reusable Express Box Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 54. Asia-Pacific Reusable Express Box Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 55. China Reusable Express Box Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 56. Japan Reusable Express Box Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 57. Korea Reusable Express Box Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 58. India Reusable Express Box Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 59. Southeast Asia Reusable Express Box Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 60. Australia Reusable Express Box Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 61. South America Reusable Express Box Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 62. South America Reusable Express Box Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 63. South America Reusable Express Box Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 64. South America Reusable Express Box Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 65. Brazil Reusable Express Box Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 66. Argentina Reusable Express Box Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 67. Middle East & Africa Reusable Express Box Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 68. Middle East & Africa Reusable Express Box Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 69. Middle East & Africa Reusable Express Box Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 70. Middle East & Africa Reusable Express Box Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 71. Turkey Reusable Express Box Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 72. Egypt Reusable Express Box Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 73. Saudi Arabia Reusable Express Box Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 74. South Africa Reusable Express Box Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 75. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Reusable Express Box in 2021
Figure 76. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Reusable Express Box
Figure 77. Reusable Express Box Industrial Chain
Figure 78. Sales Channel: Direct Channel vs Indirect Channel
Figure 79. Methodology
Figure 80. Research Process and Data Source
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