1 Study Coverage
1.1 Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Introduction
1.2 Market by Type
1.2.1 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Market Size by Type, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
1.2.2 1.75 MM
1.2.3 3 MM or 2.85 MM
1.3 Market by Application
1.3.1 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Market Size by Application, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
1.3.2 Food Packaging
1.3.3 House Hold Items
1.3.4 Healthcare
1.3.5 Automotive
1.3.6 Others
1.4 Study Objectives
1.5 Years Considered
2 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Production
2.1 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Production Capacity (2017-2028)
2.2 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Production by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
2.3 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Production by Region
2.3.1 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Historic Production by Region (2017-2022)
2.3.2 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Forecasted Production by Region (2023-2028)
2.4 North America
2.5 Europe
2.6 China
2.7 Japan
3 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales in Volume & Value Estimates and Forecasts
3.1 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2017-2028
3.2 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue Estimates and Forecasts 2017-2028
3.3 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
3.4 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Region
3.4.1 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Region (2017-2022)
3.4.2 Global Sales Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament by Region (2023-2028)
3.5 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Region
3.5.1 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Region (2017-2022)
3.5.2 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Region (2023-2028)
3.6 North America
3.7 Europe
3.8 Asia-Pacific
3.9 Latin America
3.10 Middle East & Africa
4 Competition by Manufactures
4.1 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Production Capacity by Manufacturers
4.2 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Manufacturers
4.2.1 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
4.2.2 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
4.2.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Largest Manufacturers of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament in 2021
4.3 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Manufacturers
4.3.1 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
4.3.2 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
4.3.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue in 2021
4.4 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales Price by Manufacturers
4.5 Analysis of Competitive Landscape
4.5.1 Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
4.5.2 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
4.5.3 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Manufacturers Geographical Distribution
4.6 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
5 Market Size by Type
5.1 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Type
5.1.1 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Historical Sales by Type (2017-2022)
5.1.2 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Forecasted Sales by Type (2023-2028)
5.1.3 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
5.2 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Type
5.2.1 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Historical Revenue by Type (2017-2022)
5.2.2 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Forecasted Revenue by Type (2023-2028)
5.2.3 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
5.3 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Price by Type
5.3.1 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Price by Type (2017-2022)
5.3.2 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
6 Market Size by Application
6.1 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Application
6.1.1 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Historical Sales by Application (2017-2022)
6.1.2 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Forecasted Sales by Application (2023-2028)
6.1.3 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
6.2 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Application
6.2.1 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Historical Revenue by Application (2017-2022)
6.2.2 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Forecasted Revenue by Application (2023-2028)
6.2.3 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
6.3 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Price by Application
6.3.1 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Price by Application (2017-2022)
6.3.2 Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Price Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
7 North America
7.1 North America Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Market Size by Type
7.1.1 North America Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Type (2017-2028)
7.1.2 North America Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
7.2 North America Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Market Size by Application
7.2.1 North America Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Application (2017-2028)
7.2.2 North America Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
7.3 North America Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Country
7.3.1 North America Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.2 North America Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.3 United States
7.3.4 Canada
8 Europe
8.1 Europe Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Market Size by Type
8.1.1 Europe Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Type (2017-2028)
8.1.2 Europe Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
8.2 Europe Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Market Size by Application
8.2.1 Europe Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Application (2017-2028)
8.2.2 Europe Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
8.3 Europe Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Country
8.3.1 Europe Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.2 Europe Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.3 Germany
8.3.4 France
8.3.5 U.K.
8.3.6 Italy
8.3.7 Russia
9 Asia Pacific
9.1 Asia Pacific Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Market Size by Type
9.1.1 Asia Pacific Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Type (2017-2028)
9.1.2 Asia Pacific Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
9.2 Asia Pacific Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Market Size by Application
9.2.1 Asia Pacific Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Application (2017-2028)
9.2.2 Asia Pacific Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
9.3 Asia Pacific Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Region
9.3.1 Asia Pacific Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.2 Asia Pacific Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.3 China
9.3.4 Japan
9.3.5 South Korea
9.3.6 India
9.3.7 Australia
9.3.8 China Taiwan
9.3.9 Indonesia
9.3.10 Thailand
9.3.11 Malaysia
10 Latin America
10.1 Latin America Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Market Size by Type
10.1.1 Latin America Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Type (2017-2028)
10.1.2 Latin America Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
10.2 Latin America Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Market Size by Application
10.2.1 Latin America Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Application (2017-2028)
10.2.2 Latin America Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
10.3 Latin America Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Country
10.3.1 Latin America Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.2 Latin America Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.3 Mexico
10.3.4 Brazil
10.3.5 Argentina
10.3.6 Colombia
11 Middle East and Africa
11.1 Middle East and Africa Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Market Size by Type
11.1.1 Middle East and Africa Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Type (2017-2028)
11.1.2 Middle East and Africa Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
11.2 Middle East and Africa Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Market Size by Application
11.2.1 Middle East and Africa Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Application (2017-2028)
11.2.2 Middle East and Africa Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
11.3 Middle East and Africa Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Country
11.3.1 Middle East and Africa Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.2 Middle East and Africa Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.3 Turkey
11.3.4 Saudi Arabia
11.3.5 UAE
12 Corporate Profiles
12.1 BASF
12.1.1 BASF Corporation Information
12.1.2 BASF Overview
12.1.3 BASF Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.1.4 BASF Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.1.5 BASF Recent Developments
12.2 ColorFabb
12.2.1 ColorFabb Corporation Information
12.2.2 ColorFabb Overview
12.2.3 ColorFabb Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.2.4 ColorFabb Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.2.5 ColorFabb Recent Developments
12.3 NatureWorks
12.3.1 NatureWorks Corporation Information
12.3.2 NatureWorks Overview
12.3.3 NatureWorks Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.3.4 NatureWorks Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.3.5 NatureWorks Recent Developments
12.4 Total Corbion
12.4.1 Total Corbion Corporation Information
12.4.2 Total Corbion Overview
12.4.3 Total Corbion Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.4.4 Total Corbion Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.4.5 Total Corbion Recent Developments
12.5 Toray
12.5.1 Toray Corporation Information
12.5.2 Toray Overview
12.5.3 Toray Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.5.4 Toray Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.5.5 Toray Recent Developments
12.6 Dutch Filaments (Mitsubishi Chemical)
12.6.1 Dutch Filaments (Mitsubishi Chemical) Corporation Information
12.6.2 Dutch Filaments (Mitsubishi Chemical) Overview
12.6.3 Dutch Filaments (Mitsubishi Chemical) Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.6.4 Dutch Filaments (Mitsubishi Chemical) Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.6.5 Dutch Filaments (Mitsubishi Chemical) Recent Developments
12.7 MakerBot Industries
12.7.1 MakerBot Industries Corporation Information
12.7.2 MakerBot Industries Overview
12.7.3 MakerBot Industries Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.7.4 MakerBot Industries Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.7.5 MakerBot Industries Recent Developments
12.8 Polymaker
12.8.1 Polymaker Corporation Information
12.8.2 Polymaker Overview
12.8.3 Polymaker Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.8.4 Polymaker Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.8.5 Polymaker Recent Developments
12.9 KIMYA (ARMOR)
12.9.1 KIMYA (ARMOR) Corporation Information
12.9.2 KIMYA (ARMOR) Overview
12.9.3 KIMYA (ARMOR) Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.9.4 KIMYA (ARMOR) Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.9.5 KIMYA (ARMOR) Recent Developments
12.10 Reprapper Tech
12.10.1 Reprapper Tech Corporation Information
12.10.2 Reprapper Tech Overview
12.10.3 Reprapper Tech Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.10.4 Reprapper Tech Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.10.5 Reprapper Tech Recent Developments
12.11 3D Platform
12.11.1 3D Platform Corporation Information
12.11.2 3D Platform Overview
12.11.3 3D Platform Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.11.4 3D Platform Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.11.5 3D Platform Recent Developments
12.12 HATCHBOX 3D
12.12.1 HATCHBOX 3D Corporation Information
12.12.2 HATCHBOX 3D Overview
12.12.3 HATCHBOX 3D Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.12.4 HATCHBOX 3D Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.12.5 HATCHBOX 3D Recent Developments
12.13 COEX
12.13.1 COEX Corporation Information
12.13.2 COEX Overview
12.13.3 COEX Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.13.4 COEX Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.13.5 COEX Recent Developments
12.14 Matter3D
12.14.1 Matter3D Corporation Information
12.14.2 Matter3D Overview
12.14.3 Matter3D Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.14.4 Matter3D Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.14.5 Matter3D Recent Developments
12.15 MatterHackers
12.15.1 MatterHackers Corporation Information
12.15.2 MatterHackers Overview
12.15.3 MatterHackers Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.15.4 MatterHackers Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.15.5 MatterHackers Recent Developments
12.16 Fillamentum
12.16.1 Fillamentum Corporation Information
12.16.2 Fillamentum Overview
12.16.3 Fillamentum Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.16.4 Fillamentum Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.16.5 Fillamentum Recent Developments
12.17 Prusament
12.17.1 Prusament Corporation Information
12.17.2 Prusament Overview
12.17.3 Prusament Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.17.4 Prusament Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.17.5 Prusament Recent Developments
12.18 Shenzhen Esun
12.18.1 Shenzhen Esun Corporation Information
12.18.2 Shenzhen Esun Overview
12.18.3 Shenzhen Esun Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.18.4 Shenzhen Esun Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.18.5 Shenzhen Esun Recent Developments
12.19 Eryone 3D
12.19.1 Eryone 3D Corporation Information
12.19.2 Eryone 3D Overview
12.19.3 Eryone 3D Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.19.4 Eryone 3D Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.19.5 Eryone 3D Recent Developments
12.20 Amolen
12.20.1 Amolen Corporation Information
12.20.2 Amolen Overview
12.20.3 Amolen Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.20.4 Amolen Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.20.5 Amolen Recent Developments
12.21 Sunlu
12.21.1 Sunlu Corporation Information
12.21.2 Sunlu Overview
12.21.3 Sunlu Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.21.4 Sunlu Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.21.5 Sunlu Recent Developments
12.22 Paramount
12.22.1 Paramount Corporation Information
12.22.2 Paramount Overview
12.22.3 Paramount Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.22.4 Paramount Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.22.5 Paramount Recent Developments
12.23 FormFutura
12.23.1 FormFutura Corporation Information
12.23.2 FormFutura Overview
12.23.3 FormFutura Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.23.4 FormFutura Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.23.5 FormFutura Recent Developments
12.24 Overture 3D
12.24.1 Overture 3D Corporation Information
12.24.2 Overture 3D Overview
12.24.3 Overture 3D Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.24.4 Overture 3D Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.24.5 Overture 3D Recent Developments
12.25 ReprapWorld
12.25.1 ReprapWorld Corporation Information
12.25.2 ReprapWorld Overview
12.25.3 ReprapWorld Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.25.4 ReprapWorld Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.25.5 ReprapWorld Recent Developments
12.26 ProtoPlant
12.26.1 ProtoPlant Corporation Information
12.26.2 ProtoPlant Overview
12.26.3 ProtoPlant Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.26.4 ProtoPlant Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.26.5 ProtoPlant Recent Developments
12.27 Torwell Technologies
12.27.1 Torwell Technologies Corporation Information
12.27.2 Torwell Technologies Overview
12.27.3 Torwell Technologies Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.27.4 Torwell Technologies Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.27.5 Torwell Technologies Recent Developments
12.28 Ultimaker
12.28.1 Ultimaker Corporation Information
12.28.2 Ultimaker Overview
12.28.3 Ultimaker Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.28.4 Ultimaker Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.28.5 Ultimaker Recent Developments
12.29 HISUN
12.29.1 HISUN Corporation Information
12.29.2 HISUN Overview
12.29.3 HISUN Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.29.4 HISUN Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.29.5 HISUN Recent Developments
12.30 Shanghai Tong-Jie-Liang Biomaterials
12.30.1 Shanghai Tong-Jie-Liang Biomaterials Corporation Information
12.30.2 Shanghai Tong-Jie-Liang Biomaterials Overview
12.30.3 Shanghai Tong-Jie-Liang Biomaterials Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.30.4 Shanghai Tong-Jie-Liang Biomaterials Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.30.5 Shanghai Tong-Jie-Liang Biomaterials Recent Developments
13 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
13.1 Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Industry Chain Analysis
13.2 Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Key Raw Materials
13.2.1 Key Raw Materials
13.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
13.3 Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Production Mode & Process
13.4 Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales and Marketing
13.4.1 Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Sales Channels
13.4.2 Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Distributors
13.5 Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Customers
14 Market Drivers, Opportunities, Challenges and Risks Factors Analysis
14.1 Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Industry Trends
14.2 Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Market Drivers
14.3 Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Market Challenges
14.4 Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Market Restraints
15 Key Finding in The Global Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filament Study
16 Appendix
16.1 Research Methodology
16.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
16.1.2 Data Source
16.2 Author Details
16.3 Disclaimer
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