1 Market Overview
1.1 Lung Surfactants Introduction
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.2.1 Overview: Global Lung Surfactants Revenue by Type: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.2.2 Intratracheal
1.2.3 Injectable
1.3 Market Analysis by Application
1.3.1 Overview: Global Lung Surfactants Revenue by Application: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.3.2 Hospital
1.3.3 Special Clinic
1.3.4 Recovery Center
1.4 Global Lung Surfactants Market Size & Forecast
1.4.1 Global Lung Surfactants Sales in Value (2017 & 2021 & 2028)
1.4.2 Global Lung Surfactants Sales in Volume (2017-2028)
1.4.3 Global Lung Surfactants Price (2017-2028)
1.5 Global Lung Surfactants Production Capacity Analysis
1.5.1 Global Lung Surfactants Total Production Capacity (2017-2028)
1.5.2 Global Lung Surfactants Production Capacity by Geographic Region
1.6 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends
1.6.1 Lung Surfactants Market Drivers
1.6.2 Lung Surfactants Market Restraints
1.6.3 Lung Surfactants Trends Analysis
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 Chiesi Farmaceutici
2.1.1 Chiesi Farmaceutici Details
2.1.2 Chiesi Farmaceutici Major Business
2.1.3 Chiesi Farmaceutici Lung Surfactants Product and Services
2.1.4 Chiesi Farmaceutici Lung Surfactants Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.2 AbbVie
2.2.1 AbbVie Details
2.2.2 AbbVie Major Business
2.2.3 AbbVie Lung Surfactants Product and Services
2.2.4 AbbVie Lung Surfactants Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.3 ONY Biotech
2.3.1 ONY Biotech Details
2.3.2 ONY Biotech Major Business
2.3.3 ONY Biotech Lung Surfactants Product and Services
2.3.4 ONY Biotech Lung Surfactants Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.4 Lyomark Pharma
2.4.1 Lyomark Pharma Details
2.4.2 Lyomark Pharma Major Business
2.4.3 Lyomark Pharma Lung Surfactants Product and Services
2.4.4 Lyomark Pharma Lung Surfactants Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.5 Windtree Therapeutics
2.5.1 Windtree Therapeutics Details
2.5.2 Windtree Therapeutics Major Business
2.5.3 Windtree Therapeutics Lung Surfactants Product and Services
2.5.4 Windtree Therapeutics Lung Surfactants Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.6 Aviva Systems Biology Corporation
2.6.1 Aviva Systems Biology Corporation Details
2.6.2 Aviva Systems Biology Corporation Major Business
2.6.3 Aviva Systems Biology Corporation Lung Surfactants Product and Services
2.6.4 Aviva Systems Biology Corporation Lung Surfactants Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3 Lung Surfactants Breakdown Data by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Lung Surfactants Sales in Volume by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3.2 Global Lung Surfactants Revenue by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3.3 Key Manufacturer Market Position in Lung Surfactants
3.4 Market Concentration Rate
3.4.1 Top 3 Lung Surfactants Manufacturer Market Share in 2021
3.4.2 Top 6 Lung Surfactants Manufacturer Market Share in 2021
3.5 Global Lung Surfactants Production Capacity by Company: 2021 VS 2022
3.6 Manufacturer by Geography: Head Office and Lung Surfactants Production Site
3.7 New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions
4 Market Analysis by Region
4.1 Global Lung Surfactants Market Size by Region
4.1.1 Global Lung Surfactants Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
4.1.2 Global Lung Surfactants Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
4.2 North America Lung Surfactants Revenue (2017-2028)
4.3 Europe Lung Surfactants Revenue (2017-2028)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Lung Surfactants Revenue (2017-2028)
4.5 South America Lung Surfactants Revenue (2017-2028)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Lung Surfactants Revenue (2017-2028)
5 Market Segment by Type
5.1 Global Lung Surfactants Sales in Volume by Type (2017-2028)
5.2 Global Lung Surfactants Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
5.3 Global Lung Surfactants Price by Type (2017-2028)
6 Market Segment by Application
6.1 Global Lung Surfactants Sales in Volume by Application (2017-2028)
6.2 Global Lung Surfactants Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
6.3 Global Lung Surfactants Price by Application (2017-2028)
7 North America by Country, by Type, and by Application
7.1 North America Lung Surfactants Sales by Type (2017-2028)
7.2 North America Lung Surfactants Sales by Application (2017-2028)
7.3 North America Lung Surfactants Market Size by Country
7.3.1 North America Lung Surfactants Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.2 North America Lung Surfactants Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8 Europe by Country, by Type, and by Application
8.1 Europe Lung Surfactants Sales by Type (2017-2028)
8.2 Europe Lung Surfactants Sales by Application (2017-2028)
8.3 Europe Lung Surfactants Market Size by Country
8.3.1 Europe Lung Surfactants Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.2 Europe Lung Surfactants Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9 Asia-Pacific by Region, by Type, and by Application
9.1 Asia-Pacific Lung Surfactants Sales by Type (2017-2028)
9.2 Asia-Pacific Lung Surfactants Sales by Application (2017-2028)
9.3 Asia-Pacific Lung Surfactants Market Size by Region
9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Lung Surfactants Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Lung Surfactants Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10 South America by Region, by Type, and by Application
10.1 South America Lung Surfactants Sales by Type (2017-2028)
10.2 South America Lung Surfactants Sales by Application (2017-2028)
10.3 South America Lung Surfactants Market Size by Country
10.3.1 South America Lung Surfactants Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.2 South America Lung Surfactants Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11 Middle East & Africa by Country, by Type, and by Application
11.1 Middle East & Africa Lung Surfactants Sales by Type (2017-2028)
11.2 Middle East & Africa Lung Surfactants Sales by Application (2017-2028)
11.3 Middle East & Africa Lung Surfactants Market Size by Country
11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Lung Surfactants Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Lung Surfactants Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
12 Raw Material and Industry Chain
12.1 Raw Material of Lung Surfactants and Key Manufacturers
12.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Lung Surfactants
12.3 Lung Surfactants Production Process
12.4 Lung Surfactants Industrial Chain
13 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
13.1 Sales Channel
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.2 Lung Surfactants Typical Distributors
13.3 Lung Surfactants Typical Customers
14 Research Findings and Conclusion
15 Appendix
15.1 Methodology
15.2 Research Process and Data Source
15.3 Disclaimer
Table 1. Global Lung Surfactants Revenue by Type, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 2. Global Lung Surfactants Revenue by Application, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 3. Chiesi Farmaceutici Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 4. Chiesi Farmaceutici Major Business
Table 5. Chiesi Farmaceutici Lung Surfactants Product and Services
Table 6. Chiesi Farmaceutici Lung Surfactants Sales (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 7. AbbVie Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 8. AbbVie Major Business
Table 9. AbbVie Lung Surfactants Product and Services
Table 10. AbbVie Lung Surfactants Sales (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 11. ONY Biotech Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 12. ONY Biotech Major Business
Table 13. ONY Biotech Lung Surfactants Product and Services
Table 14. ONY Biotech Lung Surfactants Sales (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 15. Lyomark Pharma Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 16. Lyomark Pharma Major Business
Table 17. Lyomark Pharma Lung Surfactants Product and Services
Table 18. Lyomark Pharma Lung Surfactants Sales (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 19. Windtree Therapeutics Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 20. Windtree Therapeutics Major Business
Table 21. Windtree Therapeutics Lung Surfactants Product and Services
Table 22. Windtree Therapeutics Lung Surfactants Sales (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 23. Aviva Systems Biology Corporation Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 24. Aviva Systems Biology Corporation Major Business
Table 25. Aviva Systems Biology Corporation Lung Surfactants Product and Services
Table 26. Aviva Systems Biology Corporation Lung Surfactants Sales (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 27. Global Lung Surfactants Sales by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022) & (K Units)
Table 28. Global Lung Surfactants Revenue by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022) & (USD Million)
Table 29. Market Position of Manufacturers in Lung Surfactants, (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3), Based on Revenue in 2021
Table 30. Global Lung Surfactants Production Capacity by Company, (K Units): 2020 VS 2021
Table 31. Head Office and Lung Surfactants Production Site of Key Manufacturer
Table 32. Lung Surfactants New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
Table 33. Lung Surfactants Mergers & Acquisitions in the Past Five Years
Table 34. Global Lung Surfactants Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 35. Global Lung Surfactants Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 36. Global Lung Surfactants Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 37. Global Lung Surfactants Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 38. Global Lung Surfactants Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 39. Global Lung Surfactants Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 40. Global Lung Surfactants Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 41. Global Lung Surfactants Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 42. Global Lung Surfactants Price by Type (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)
Table 43. Global Lung Surfactants Price by Type (2023-2028) & (US$/Unit)
Table 44. Global Lung Surfactants Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 45. Global Lung Surfactants Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 46. Global Lung Surfactants Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 47. Global Lung Surfactants Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 48. Global Lung Surfactants Price by Application (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)
Table 49. Global Lung Surfactants Price by Application (2023-2028) & (US$/Unit)
Table 50. North America Lung Surfactants Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 51. North America Lung Surfactants Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 52. North America Lung Surfactants Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 53. North America Lung Surfactants Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 54. North America Lung Surfactants Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 55. North America Lung Surfactants Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 56. North America Lung Surfactants Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 57. North America Lung Surfactants Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 58. Europe Lung Surfactants Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 59. Europe Lung Surfactants Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 60. Europe Lung Surfactants Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 61. Europe Lung Surfactants Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 62. Europe Lung Surfactants Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 63. Europe Lung Surfactants Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 64. Europe Lung Surfactants Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 65. Europe Lung Surfactants Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 66. Asia-Pacific Lung Surfactants Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 67. Asia-Pacific Lung Surfactants Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 68. Asia-Pacific Lung Surfactants Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 69. Asia-Pacific Lung Surfactants Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 70. Asia-Pacific Lung Surfactants Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 71. Asia-Pacific Lung Surfactants Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 72. Asia-Pacific Lung Surfactants Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 73. Asia-Pacific Lung Surfactants Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 74. South America Lung Surfactants Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 75. South America Lung Surfactants Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 76. South America Lung Surfactants Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 77. South America Lung Surfactants Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 78. South America Lung Surfactants Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 79. South America Lung Surfactants Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 80. South America Lung Surfactants Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 81. South America Lung Surfactants Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 82. Middle East & Africa Lung Surfactants Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 83. Middle East & Africa Lung Surfactants Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 84. Middle East & Africa Lung Surfactants Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 85. Middle East & Africa Lung Surfactants Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 86. Middle East & Africa Lung Surfactants Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 87. Middle East & Africa Lung Surfactants Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 88. Middle East & Africa Lung Surfactants Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 89. Middle East & Africa Lung Surfactants Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 90. Lung Surfactants Raw Material
Table 91. Key Manufacturers of Lung Surfactants Raw Materials
Table 92. Direct Channel Pros & Cons
Table 93. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons
Table 94. Lung Surfactants Typical Distributors
Table 95. Lung Surfactants Typical Customers
List of Figures
Figure 1. Lung Surfactants Picture
Figure 2. Global Lung Surfactants Revenue Market Share by Type in 2021
Figure 3. Intratracheal
Figure 4. Injectable
Figure 5. Global Lung Surfactants Revenue Market Share by Application in 2021
Figure 6. Hospital
Figure 7. Special Clinic
Figure 8. Recovery Center
Figure 9. Global Lung Surfactants Revenue, (USD Million) & (K Units): 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Figure 10. Global Lung Surfactants Revenue and Forecast (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 11. Global Lung Surfactants Sales (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 12. Global Lung Surfactants Price (2017-2028) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 13. Global Lung Surfactants Production Capacity (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 14. Global Lung Surfactants Production Capacity by Geographic Region: 2022 VS 2028
Figure 15. Lung Surfactants Market Drivers
Figure 16. Lung Surfactants Market Restraints
Figure 17. Lung Surfactants Market Trends
Figure 18. Global Lung Surfactants Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Figure 19. Global Lung Surfactants Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Figure 20. Lung Surfactants Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) in 2021
Figure 21. Top 3 Lung Surfactants Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure 22. Top 6 Lung Surfactants Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure 23. Global Lung Surfactants Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 24. Global Lung Surfactants Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 25. North America Lung Surfactants Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 26. Europe Lung Surfactants Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 27. Asia-Pacific Lung Surfactants Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 28. South America Lung Surfactants Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 29. Middle East & Africa Lung Surfactants Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 30. Global Lung Surfactants Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 31. Global Lung Surfactants Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 32. Global Lung Surfactants Price by Type (2017-2028) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 33. Global Lung Surfactants Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 34. Global Lung Surfactants Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 35. Global Lung Surfactants Price by Application (2017-2028) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 36. North America Lung Surfactants Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 37. North America Lung Surfactants Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 38. North America Lung Surfactants Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 39. North America Lung Surfactants Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 40. United States Lung Surfactants Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 41. Canada Lung Surfactants Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 42. Mexico Lung Surfactants Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 43. Europe Lung Surfactants Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 44. Europe Lung Surfactants Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 45. Europe Lung Surfactants Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 46. Europe Lung Surfactants Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 47. Germany Lung Surfactants Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 48. France Lung Surfactants Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 49. United Kingdom Lung Surfactants Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 50. Russia Lung Surfactants Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 51. Italy Lung Surfactants Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 52. Asia-Pacific Lung Surfactants Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 53. Asia-Pacific Lung Surfactants Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 54. Asia-Pacific Lung Surfactants Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 55. Asia-Pacific Lung Surfactants Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 56. China Lung Surfactants Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 57. Japan Lung Surfactants Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 58. Korea Lung Surfactants Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 59. India Lung Surfactants Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 60. Southeast Asia Lung Surfactants Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 61. Australia Lung Surfactants Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 62. South America Lung Surfactants Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 63. South America Lung Surfactants Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 64. South America Lung Surfactants Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 65. South America Lung Surfactants Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 66. Brazil Lung Surfactants Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 67. Argentina Lung Surfactants Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 68. Middle East & Africa Lung Surfactants Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 69. Middle East & Africa Lung Surfactants Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 70. Middle East & Africa Lung Surfactants Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 71. Middle East & Africa Lung Surfactants Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 72. Turkey Lung Surfactants Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 73. Egypt Lung Surfactants Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 74. Saudi Arabia Lung Surfactants Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 75. South Africa Lung Surfactants Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 76. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Lung Surfactants in 2021
Figure 77. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Lung Surfactants
Figure 78. Lung Surfactants Industrial Chain
Figure 79. Sales Channel: Direct Channel vs Indirect Channel
Figure 80. Methodology
Figure 81. Research Process and Data Source
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