1 Market Overview
1.1 Biodegradable Film Formers Introduction
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.2.1 Overview: Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Type: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.2.2 100% Natural
1.2.3 90% Natural
1.2.4 75% Natural
1.2.5 Others
1.3 Market Analysis by Application
1.3.1 Overview: Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Application: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.3.2 Sun Care
1.3.3 Skin Care
1.3.4 Color Cosmetics
1.3.5 Others
1.4 Global Biodegradable Film Formers Market Size & Forecast
1.4.1 Global Biodegradable Film Formers Sales in Value (2017 & 2021 & 2028)
1.4.2 Global Biodegradable Film Formers Sales in Volume (2017-2028)
1.4.3 Global Biodegradable Film Formers Price (2017-2028)
1.5 Global Biodegradable Film Formers Production Capacity Analysis
1.5.1 Global Biodegradable Film Formers Total Production Capacity (2017-2028)
1.5.2 Global Biodegradable Film Formers Production Capacity by Geographic Region
1.6 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends
1.6.1 Biodegradable Film Formers Market Drivers
1.6.2 Biodegradable Film Formers Market Restraints
1.6.3 Biodegradable Film Formers Trends Analysis
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 INOLEX
2.1.1 INOLEX Details
2.1.2 INOLEX Major Business
2.1.3 INOLEX Biodegradable Film Formers Product and Services
2.1.4 INOLEX Biodegradable Film Formers Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.2 Covestro
2.2.1 Covestro Details
2.2.2 Covestro Major Business
2.2.3 Covestro Biodegradable Film Formers Product and Services
2.2.4 Covestro Biodegradable Film Formers Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.3 BASF
2.3.1 BASF Details
2.3.2 BASF Major Business
2.3.3 BASF Biodegradable Film Formers Product and Services
2.3.4 BASF Biodegradable Film Formers Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.4 Miyoshi Kasei
2.4.1 Miyoshi Kasei Details
2.4.2 Miyoshi Kasei Major Business
2.4.3 Miyoshi Kasei Biodegradable Film Formers Product and Services
2.4.4 Miyoshi Kasei Biodegradable Film Formers Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3 Biodegradable Film Formers Breakdown Data by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Biodegradable Film Formers Sales in Volume by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3.2 Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3.3 Key Manufacturer Market Position in Biodegradable Film Formers
3.4 Market Concentration Rate
3.4.1 Top 3 Biodegradable Film Formers Manufacturer Market Share in 2021
3.4.2 Top 6 Biodegradable Film Formers Manufacturer Market Share in 2021
3.5 Global Biodegradable Film Formers Production Capacity by Company: 2021 VS 2022
3.6 Manufacturer by Geography: Head Office and Biodegradable Film Formers Production Site
3.7 New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions
4 Market Analysis by Region
4.1 Global Biodegradable Film Formers Market Size by Region
4.1.1 Global Biodegradable Film Formers Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
4.1.2 Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
4.2 North America Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue (2017-2028)
4.3 Europe Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue (2017-2028)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue (2017-2028)
4.5 South America Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue (2017-2028)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue (2017-2028)
5 Market Segment by Type
5.1 Global Biodegradable Film Formers Sales in Volume by Type (2017-2028)
5.2 Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
5.3 Global Biodegradable Film Formers Price by Type (2017-2028)
6 Market Segment by Application
6.1 Global Biodegradable Film Formers Sales in Volume by Application (2017-2028)
6.2 Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
6.3 Global Biodegradable Film Formers Price by Application (2017-2028)
7 North America by Country, by Type, and by Application
7.1 North America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Type (2017-2028)
7.2 North America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Application (2017-2028)
7.3 North America Biodegradable Film Formers Market Size by Country
7.3.1 North America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.2 North America Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8 Europe by Country, by Type, and by Application
8.1 Europe Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Type (2017-2028)
8.2 Europe Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Application (2017-2028)
8.3 Europe Biodegradable Film Formers Market Size by Country
8.3.1 Europe Biodegradable Film Formers Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.2 Europe Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9 Asia-Pacific by Region, by Type, and by Application
9.1 Asia-Pacific Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Type (2017-2028)
9.2 Asia-Pacific Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Application (2017-2028)
9.3 Asia-Pacific Biodegradable Film Formers Market Size by Region
9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Biodegradable Film Formers Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10 South America by Region, by Type, and by Application
10.1 South America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Type (2017-2028)
10.2 South America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Application (2017-2028)
10.3 South America Biodegradable Film Formers Market Size by Country
10.3.1 South America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.2 South America Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11 Middle East & Africa by Country, by Type, and by Application
11.1 Middle East & Africa Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Type (2017-2028)
11.2 Middle East & Africa Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Application (2017-2028)
11.3 Middle East & Africa Biodegradable Film Formers Market Size by Country
11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Biodegradable Film Formers Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
12 Raw Material and Industry Chain
12.1 Raw Material of Biodegradable Film Formers and Key Manufacturers
12.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Biodegradable Film Formers
12.3 Biodegradable Film Formers Production Process
12.4 Biodegradable Film Formers Industrial Chain
13 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
13.1 Sales Channel
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.2 Biodegradable Film Formers Typical Distributors
13.3 Biodegradable Film Formers Typical Customers
14 Research Findings and Conclusion
15 Appendix
15.1 Methodology
15.2 Research Process and Data Source
15.3 Disclaimer
Table 1. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Type, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 2. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Application, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 3. INOLEX Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 4. INOLEX Major Business
Table 5. INOLEX Biodegradable Film Formers Product and Services
Table 6. INOLEX Biodegradable Film Formers Sales (Tons), Price (US$/Ton), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 7. Covestro Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 8. Covestro Major Business
Table 9. Covestro Biodegradable Film Formers Product and Services
Table 10. Covestro Biodegradable Film Formers Sales (Tons), Price (US$/Ton), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 11. BASF Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 12. BASF Major Business
Table 13. BASF Biodegradable Film Formers Product and Services
Table 14. BASF Biodegradable Film Formers Sales (Tons), Price (US$/Ton), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 15. Miyoshi Kasei Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 16. Miyoshi Kasei Major Business
Table 17. Miyoshi Kasei Biodegradable Film Formers Product and Services
Table 18. Miyoshi Kasei Biodegradable Film Formers Sales (Tons), Price (US$/Ton), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 19. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022) & (Tons)
Table 20. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022) & (USD Million)
Table 21. Market Position of Manufacturers in Biodegradable Film Formers, (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3), Based on Revenue in 2021
Table 22. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Production Capacity by Company, (Tons): 2020 VS 2021
Table 23. Head Office and Biodegradable Film Formers Production Site of Key Manufacturer
Table 24. Biodegradable Film Formers New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
Table 25. Biodegradable Film Formers Mergers & Acquisitions in the Past Five Years
Table 26. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (Tons)
Table 27. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (Tons)
Table 28. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 29. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 30. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Tons)
Table 31. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (Tons)
Table 32. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 33. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 34. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Price by Type (2017-2022) & (US$/Ton)
Table 35. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Price by Type (2023-2028) & (US$/Ton)
Table 36. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Tons)
Table 37. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (Tons)
Table 38. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 39. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 40. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Price by Application (2017-2022) & (US$/Ton)
Table 41. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Price by Application (2023-2028) & (US$/Ton)
Table 42. North America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (Tons)
Table 43. North America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (Tons)
Table 44. North America Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 45. North America Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 46. North America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Tons)
Table 47. North America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (Tons)
Table 48. North America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Tons)
Table 49. North America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (Tons)
Table 50. Europe Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (Tons)
Table 51. Europe Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (Tons)
Table 52. Europe Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 53. Europe Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 54. Europe Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Tons)
Table 55. Europe Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (Tons)
Table 56. Europe Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Tons)
Table 57. Europe Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (Tons)
Table 58. Asia-Pacific Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (Tons)
Table 59. Asia-Pacific Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (Tons)
Table 60. Asia-Pacific Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 61. Asia-Pacific Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 62. Asia-Pacific Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Tons)
Table 63. Asia-Pacific Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (Tons)
Table 64. Asia-Pacific Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Tons)
Table 65. Asia-Pacific Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (Tons)
Table 66. South America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (Tons)
Table 67. South America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (Tons)
Table 68. South America Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 69. South America Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 70. South America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Tons)
Table 71. South America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (Tons)
Table 72. South America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Tons)
Table 73. South America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (Tons)
Table 74. Middle East & Africa Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (Tons)
Table 75. Middle East & Africa Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (Tons)
Table 76. Middle East & Africa Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 77. Middle East & Africa Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 78. Middle East & Africa Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Tons)
Table 79. Middle East & Africa Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (Tons)
Table 80. Middle East & Africa Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Tons)
Table 81. Middle East & Africa Biodegradable Film Formers Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (Tons)
Table 82. Biodegradable Film Formers Raw Material
Table 83. Key Manufacturers of Biodegradable Film Formers Raw Materials
Table 84. Direct Channel Pros & Cons
Table 85. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons
Table 86. Biodegradable Film Formers Typical Distributors
Table 87. Biodegradable Film Formers Typical Customers
List of Figures
Figure 1. Biodegradable Film Formers Picture
Figure 2. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue Market Share by Type in 2021
Figure 3. 100% Natural
Figure 4. 90% Natural
Figure 5. 75% Natural
Figure 6. Others
Figure 7. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue Market Share by Application in 2021
Figure 8. Sun Care
Figure 9. Skin Care
Figure 10. Color Cosmetics
Figure 11. Others
Figure 12. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue, (USD Million) & (Tons): 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Figure 13. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue and Forecast (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 14. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Sales (2017-2028) & (Tons)
Figure 15. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Price (2017-2028) & (US$/Ton)
Figure 16. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Production Capacity (2017-2028) & (Tons)
Figure 17. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Production Capacity by Geographic Region: 2022 VS 2028
Figure 18. Biodegradable Film Formers Market Drivers
Figure 19. Biodegradable Film Formers Market Restraints
Figure 20. Biodegradable Film Formers Market Trends
Figure 21. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Figure 22. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Figure 23. Biodegradable Film Formers Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) in 2021
Figure 24. Top 3 Biodegradable Film Formers Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure 25. Top 6 Biodegradable Film Formers Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure 26. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 27. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 28. North America Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 29. Europe Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 30. Asia-Pacific Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 31. South America Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 32. Middle East & Africa Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 33. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 34. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 35. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Price by Type (2017-2028) & (US$/Ton)
Figure 36. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 37. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 38. Global Biodegradable Film Formers Price by Application (2017-2028) & (US$/Ton)
Figure 39. North America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 40. North America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 41. North America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 42. North America Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 43. United States Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 44. Canada Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 45. Mexico Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 46. Europe Biodegradable Film Formers Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 47. Europe Biodegradable Film Formers Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 48. Europe Biodegradable Film Formers Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 49. Europe Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 50. Germany Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 51. France Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 52. United Kingdom Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 53. Russia Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 54. Italy Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 55. Asia-Pacific Biodegradable Film Formers Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 56. Asia-Pacific Biodegradable Film Formers Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 57. Asia-Pacific Biodegradable Film Formers Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 58. Asia-Pacific Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 59. China Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 60. Japan Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 61. Korea Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 62. India Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 63. Southeast Asia Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 64. Australia Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 65. South America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 66. South America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 67. South America Biodegradable Film Formers Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 68. South America Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 69. Brazil Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 70. Argentina Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 71. Middle East & Africa Biodegradable Film Formers Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 72. Middle East & Africa Biodegradable Film Formers Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 73. Middle East & Africa Biodegradable Film Formers Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 74. Middle East & Africa Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 75. Turkey Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 76. Egypt Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 77. Saudi Arabia Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 78. South Africa Biodegradable Film Formers Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 79. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Biodegradable Film Formers in 2021
Figure 80. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Biodegradable Film Formers
Figure 81. Biodegradable Film Formers Industrial Chain
Figure 82. Sales Channel: Direct Channel vs Indirect Channel
Figure 83. Methodology
Figure 84. Research Process and Data Source
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