1 INTRODUCTION 22
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 22
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 22
1.2.1 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 23
1.3 STUDY SCOPE 23
1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED 23
FIGURE 1 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET SEGMENTATION 23
1.3.2 REGIONAL SCOPE 24
1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED 24
1.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED 24
1.5 UNITS CONSIDERED 25
1.6 LIMITATIONS 25
1.7 STAKEHOLDERS 25
1.8 SUMMARY OF CHANGES 26
1.9 IMPACT OF RECESSION 26
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 27
2.1 RESEARCH APPROACH 27
FIGURE 2 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN 27
2.1.1 SECONDARY AND PRIMARY RESEARCH 28
2.1.2 SECONDARY DATA 29
2.1.2.1 Key data from secondary sources 29
2.1.2.2 List of major secondary sources 29
2.1.3 PRIMARY DATA 30
2.1.3.1 List of key interview participants 30
2.1.3.2 Key data from primary sources 31
2.1.3.3 Key industry insights 31
2.1.3.4 Breakdown of primaries 32
2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 32
FIGURE 3 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: REVENUE GENERATED IN INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET (SUPPLY-SIDE) 32
2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 33
2.2.1.1 Approach to derive market size using bottom-up analysis (supply side) 33
FIGURE 4 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET: BOTTOM-UP APPROACH (SUPPLY SIDE) 33
2.2.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 34
2.2.2.1 Approach to derive market size using top-down analysis (supply side) 34
FIGURE 5 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET: TOP-DOWN APPROACH (DEMAND SIDE) 34
2.3 DATA TRIANGULATION 35
FIGURE 6 DATA TRIANGULATION 35
2.4 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS 36
2.5 PARAMETERS CONSIDERED TO ANALYZE RECESSION IMPACT ON INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET 36
2.6 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 37
2.7 RISK ASSESSMENT 37
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 38
FIGURE 7 IMAGE SENSOR SEGMENT TO DOMINATE MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 39
FIGURE 8 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2024 VS. 2029 40
FIGURE 9 MANUFACTURING SEGMENT TO REGISTER HIGHEST CAGR FROM 2024 TO 2029 40
FIGURE 10 ASIA PACIFIC TO EXHIBIT HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD 41
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 42
4.1 ATTRACTIVE GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET 42
FIGURE 11 GROWING ADOPTION OF INDUSTRY 4.0 PRINCIPLES TO DRIVE INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET 42
4.2 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE 42
FIGURE 12 NON-CONTACT SENSORS TO REGISTER HIGHER CAGR FROM 2024 TO 2029 42
4.3 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE 43
FIGURE 13 IMAGE SENSORS TO REGISTER HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD 43
4.4 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY 43
FIGURE 14 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY TO HOLD LARGEST MARKET SHARE DURING FORECAST PERIOD 43
4.5 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY END-USER INDUSTRY AND COUNTRY 44
FIGURE 15 MANUFACTURING SEGMENT AND CHINA DOMINATED MARKET IN 2023 44
4.6 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY COUNTRY 44
FIGURE 16 CHINA TO LEAD GLOBAL INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 44
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 45
5.1 INTRODUCTION 45
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 45
FIGURE 17 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET: DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES 45
5.2.1 DRIVERS 46
FIGURE 18 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET: IMPACT ANALYSIS OF DRIVERS 46
5.2.1.1 Rising adoption of Industry 4.0 and IIoT in manufacturing 46
5.2.1.2 Growing demand for smart sensors in various industries to gain real-time insights 47
5.2.1.3 Reduced size of industrial sensors due to technological innovations 48
5.2.2 RESTRAINTS 49
FIGURE 19 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET: IMPACT ANALYSIS OF RESTRAINTS 49
5.2.2.1 Shrinking profit margins for manufacturers due to reduced ASP 49
5.2.2.2 High manufacturing costs associated with developing innovative gas sensors 50
5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 51
FIGURE 20 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET: IMPACT ANALYSIS OF OPPORTUNITIES 51
5.2.3.1 Implementation of AI and machine learning 51
5.2.3.2 Thriving automotive sector owing to rising investments in R&D 51
5.2.4 CHALLENGES 52
FIGURE 21 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET: IMPACT ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES 52
5.2.4.1 Varied sensing capability based on end-use application 52
5.3 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 53
FIGURE 22 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS: MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY PHASE TO ADD MAXIMUM VALUE 53
5.4 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMERS’ BUSINESSES 55
FIGURE 23 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMERS’ BUSINESSES 55
5.5 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 56
FIGURE 24 ECOSYSTEM OF INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET 56
TABLE 1 COMPANIES AND THEIR ROLES IN ECOSYSTEM 57
5.6 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 58
TABLE 2 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 58
FIGURE 25 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 58
5.6.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 59
5.6.2 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 59
5.6.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 59
5.6.4 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 59
5.6.5 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 59
5.7 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA 60
FIGURE 26 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS FOR TOP THREE END-USER INDUSTRIES 60
TABLE 3 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR TOP THREE END-USER INDUSTRIES 60
5.7.1 BUYING CRITERIA 61
FIGURE 27 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP THREE END-USER INDUSTRIES 61
TABLE 4 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP THREE END-USER INDUSTRIES 61
5.8 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 62
5.8.1 WIKA (US) SUPPLIES AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY MANUFACTURERS WITH PRESSURE SENSORS FOR MACHINE CONTROL 62
5.8.2 CO2METER (US) PROVIDES ISENSE ALARM (CM-0052) TO MONITOR AND CONTROL REMOTE DEPLOYMENT AND LEAK DETECTION OF CO2 62
5.8.3 TE CONNECTIVITY (SWITZERLAND) DEVELOPS SMI SO-10 PRESSURE SENSOR PACKAGE THAT PROVIDES FULLY PRESSURE-CALIBRATED AND TEMPERATURE-COMPENSATED OUTPUT 63
5.8.4 REFINERY IN NORTH AMERICA IMPROVES VACUUM TOWER LEVEL MEASUREMENT WITH SIEMENS’ ROSEMOUNT 3051S ERS AND THERMAL RANGE EXPANDER 63
5.9 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 64
5.9.1 KEY TECHNOLOGY 64
5.9.1.1 Seed technology 64
5.9.1.2 Electronic nose (e-nose) 64
5.9.1.3 MEMS temperature sensors 64
5.9.1.4 Miniature fiber-optic temperature sensors 64
5.10 TRADE ANALYSIS 65
5.10.1 IMPORT SCENARIO 65
FIGURE 28 IMPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 902690-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2022 65
TABLE 5 IMPORT DATA, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2022 (USD THOUSAND) 65
5.10.2 EXPORT SCENARIO 66
FIGURE 29 EXPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 902690-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2022 66
TABLE 6 EXPORT DATA, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2022 (USD THOUSAND) 66
5.11 TARIFF ANALYSIS 67
TABLE 7 TARIFF FOR HS CODE 902690-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS EXPORTED BY US, 2022 67
TABLE 8 TARIFF FOR HS CODE 902690-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS EXPORTED BY GERMANY, 2022 67
TABLE 9 TARIFF FOR HS CODE 902690-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS EXPORTED BY CHINA, 2022 67
TABLE 10 TARIFF FOR HS CODE 902690-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS EXPORTED BY MEXICO, 2022 68
5.12 PATENT ANALYSIS 68
TABLE 11 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET: LIST OF PATENTS, 2021–2023 68
FIGURE 30 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET: PATENTS GRANTED, 2012–2022 70
TABLE 12 TOP PATENT OWNERS, 2012–2022 70
FIGURE 31 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET: TOP 10 PATENT HOLDERS IN INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, 2012–2022 71
5.13 REGULATORY LANDSCAPE AND STANDARDS 71
TABLE 13 NORTH AMERICA: LIST OF REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 72
TABLE 14 EUROPE: LIST OF REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 73
TABLE 15 ASIA PACIFIC: LIST OF REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 73
TABLE 16 ROW: LIST OF REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 73
5.13.1 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION STANDARDS (IEC) 74
5.13.2 AS4641 74
5.13.3 ISO 19891-1 74
5.13.4 RESTRICTION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES DIRECTIVE (ROHS) 74
5.13.5 ATMOSPHERE EXPLOSIBLE (ATEX) 74
5.13.6 EDISON TESTING LABORATORY (ETL) 74
5.13.7 SAFETY INTEGRITY LEVEL 1 (SIL 1) 75
5.13.8 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) 75
5.14 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2023–2024 75
TABLE 17 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET: LIST OF CONFERENCES AND EVENTS 75
5.15 PRICING ANALYSIS 76
TABLE 18 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE (ASP) OF DIGITAL TEMPERATURE SENSORS OFFERED BY TWO MAJOR PLAYERS 76
FIGURE 32 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE (ASP) TREND OF DIGITAL TEMPERATURE SENSORS OFFERED BY TWO MAJOR PLAYERS 77
5.15.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE (ASP) TREND OF INDUSTRIAL SENSORS, 2020–2029 77
FIGURE 33 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE (ASP) TREND OF INDUSTRIAL SENSORS, 2020–2029 77
FIGURE 34 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE (ASP) TREND OF INDUSTRIAL TEMPERATURE SENSORS, BY REGION, 2020–2029 78
6 TECHNOLOGIES INTEGRATED INTO INDUSTRIAL SENSORS 79
6.1 INTRODUCTION 79
6.2 PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR INDUSTRIAL SENSORS 79
6.2.1 INTRODUCTION 79
6.2.2 SYSTEM-IN-PACKAGE (SIP) 79
6.2.3 SYSTEM-ON-CHIP (SOC) 80
TABLE 19 TECHNICAL FEATURES OF SYSTEM-IN-PACKAGE (SIP) AND SYSTEM-ON-CHIP (SOC) 80
6.3 MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) TECHNOLOGY 81
6.3.1 VERY-LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGY (VLSI) 82
6.3.2 NANOELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (NEMS) 82
6.4 CMOS TECHNOLOGY 82
6.5 OPTICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGY 83
6.6 OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 83
6.6.1 OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY 83
6.6.2 MICROSYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY 84
6.6.3 INTEGRATED INDUSTRIAL SENSORS—HYBRID SENSORS 84
6.6.4 IC-COMPATIBLE 3D MICROSTRUCTURING 84
6.6.5 APPLICATION-SPECIFIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 84
7 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE 85
7.1 INTRODUCTION 86
FIGURE 35 IMAGE SENSOR SEGMENT TO REGISTER HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD 86
TABLE 20 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 87
TABLE 21 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 87
TABLE 22 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2020–2023 (MILLION UNITS) 88
TABLE 23 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2024–2029 (MILLION UNITS) 88
7.2 LEVEL SENSORS 89
7.2.1 GROWING USE IN ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS TO DRIVE MARKET 89
TABLE 24 INDUSTRIAL LEVEL SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 89
TABLE 25 INDUSTRIAL LEVEL SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 89
TABLE 26 INDUSTRIAL LEVEL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 90
TABLE 27 INDUSTRIAL LEVEL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 90
7.3 TEMPERATURE SENSORS 91
7.3.1 AUTOMOTIVE AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES TO OFFER LUCRATIVE GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS 91
FIGURE 36 NON-CONTACT SENSOR SEGMENT TO DISPLAY HIGHER CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD 91
TABLE 28 INDUSTRIAL TEMPERATURE SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 91
TABLE 29 INDUSTRIAL TEMPERATURE SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 92
TABLE 30 INDUSTRIAL TEMPERATURE SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 92
TABLE 31 INDUSTRIAL TEMPERATURE SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 92
7.4 FLOW SENSORS 93
7.4.1 INTRODUCTION OF FLOW SENSOR-INTEGRATED TWO-WAY COMMUNICATION AND SELF-DIAGNOSIS SYSTEMS TO FOSTER SEGMENTAL GROWTH 93
TABLE 32 INDUSTRIAL FLOW SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 93
TABLE 33 INDUSTRIAL FLOW SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 93
TABLE 34 INDUSTRIAL FLOW SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 93
TABLE 35 INDUSTRIAL FLOW SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 94
7.5 GAS SENSORS 94
7.5.1 RISING AIR POLLUTION LEVELS TO BOOST DEMAND 94
TABLE 36 INDUSTRIAL GAS SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 95
TABLE 37 INDUSTRIAL GAS SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 95
TABLE 38 INDUSTRIAL GAS SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 95
TABLE 39 INDUSTRIAL GAS SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 96
7.6 POSITION SENSORS 96
7.6.1 MAJOR TYPES OF POSITION SENSORS 96
7.6.1.1 Linear position sensors 96
7.6.1.1.1 Rising applications in automated machinery and robotics to drive market 96
7.6.1.2 Rotary position sensors 97
7.6.1.2.1 Increasing deployment in medical devices and test and measurement equipment to foster segmental growth 97
TABLE 40 INDUSTRIAL POSITION SENSORS MARKET, BY POSITION SENSOR TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 97
TABLE 41 INDUSTRIAL POSITION SENSORS MARKET, BY POSITION SENSOR TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 97
TABLE 42 INDUSTRIAL POSITION SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 97
TABLE 43 INDUSTRIAL POSITION SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 98
TABLE 44 INDUSTRIAL POSITION SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 98
TABLE 45 INDUSTRIAL POSITION SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 98
7.7 PRESSURE SENSORS 99
7.7.1 SURGING ADOPTION BY AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS TO DRIVE MARKET 99
FIGURE 37 OIL & GAS INDUSTRY TO HOLD LARGEST MARKET SHARE IN INDUSTRIAL PRESSURE SENSORS MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 99
TABLE 46 INDUSTRIAL PRESSURE SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 100
TABLE 47 INDUSTRIAL PRESSURE SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 100
TABLE 48 INDUSTRIAL PRESSURE SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 100
TABLE 49 INDUSTRIAL PRESSURE SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 101
7.8 FORCE SENSORS 101
7.8.1 GROWING DEPLOYMENT IN AUTOMATED ROBOTS TO ACCELERATE DEMAND 101
TABLE 50 INDUSTRIAL FORCE SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 101
TABLE 51 INDUSTRIAL FORCE SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 102
TABLE 52 INDUSTRIAL FORCE SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 102
TABLE 53 INDUSTRIAL FORCE SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 102
7.9 HUMIDITY AND MOISTURE SENSORS 103
7.9.1 TYPES OF HUMIDITY SENSORS 103
7.9.1.1 Capacitive 103
7.9.1.1.1 Ability to endure effects of condensation and high temperatures to boost demand 103
7.9.1.2 Resistive 103
7.9.1.2.1 Increasing demand in food processing industry to drive market 103
TABLE 54 INDUSTRIAL HUMIDITY & MOISTURE SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 103
TABLE 55 INDUSTRIAL HUMIDITY & MOISTURE SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 104
TABLE 56 INDUSTRIAL HUMIDITY & MOISTURE SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 104
TABLE 57 INDUSTRIAL HUMIDITY & MOISTURE SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 104
7.10 IMAGE SENSORS 105
7.10.1 PHARMACEUTICALS AND ENERGY & POWER INDUSTRIES TO GENERATE SIGNIFICANT DEMAND 105
TABLE 58 INDUSTRIAL IMAGE SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 105
TABLE 59 INDUSTRIAL IMAGE SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 105
TABLE 60 INDUSTRIAL IMAGE SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 106
TABLE 61 INDUSTRIAL IMAGE SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 106
8 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE 107
8.1 INTRODUCTION 108
FIGURE 38 NON-CONTACT SENSORS TO REGISTER HIGHER CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD 108
TABLE 62 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 108
TABLE 63 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 108
8.2 CONTACT SENSORS 109
8.2.1 GROWING DEMAND IN OIL & GAS AND ENERGY & POWER INDUSTRIES TO FOSTER SEGMENTAL GROWTH 109
TABLE 64 CONTACT INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 109
TABLE 65 CONTACT INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 110
8.3 NON-CONTACT SENSORS 110
8.3.1 FOOD & BEVERAGES AND MINING SECTORS TO GENERATE SIGNIFICANT DEMAND 110
TABLE 66 NON-CONTACT INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 111
TABLE 67 NON-CONTACT INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 111
9 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY 112
9.1 INTRODUCTION 113
FIGURE 39 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST MARKET SHARE FROM 2024 TO 2029 113
TABLE 68 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 113
TABLE 69 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 114
9.2 MANUFACTURING 114
9.2.1 GROWING ADOPTION OF IIOT IN AUTOMOTIVE AND PROCESS INDUSTRIES TO DRIVE MARKET 114
TABLE 70 MANUFACTURING: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 115
TABLE 71 MANUFACTURING: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 116
TABLE 72 MANUFACTURING: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 116
TABLE 73 MANUFACTURING: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 116
9.3 OIL & GAS 117
9.3.1 NEED TO ENHANCE SAFETY AND IMPROVE PRODUCTION YIELDS TO BOOST DEMAND 117
FIGURE 40 NORTH AMERICA TO EXHIBIT HIGHEST CAGR IN INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET FOR OIL & GAS INDUSTRY DURING FORECAST PERIOD 118
TABLE 74 OIL & GAS: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 118
TABLE 75 OIL & GAS: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 119
TABLE 76 OIL & GAS: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 119
TABLE 77 OIL & GAS: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 119
9.4 CHEMICALS 120
9.4.1 ABILITY TO OFFER REAL-TIME MONITORING AND RECORD RANGE OF GASES EMITTED FROM STACKS TO DRIVE MARKET 120
TABLE 78 CHEMICALS: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 120
TABLE 79 CHEMICALS: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 121
TABLE 80 CHEMICALS: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 121
TABLE 81 CHEMICALS: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 121
9.5 PHARMACEUTICALS 122
9.5.1 OPERATIONAL ACCURACY AND SAFETY TO BOOST DEMAND 122
TABLE 82 PHARMACEUTICALS: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 123
TABLE 83 PHARMACEUTICALS: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 123
TABLE 84 PHARMACEUTICALS: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 124
TABLE 85 PHARMACEUTICALS: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 124
9.6 ENERGY & POWER 124
9.6.1 GROWING RELIANCE ON RENEWABLE RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION TO DRIVE MARKET 124
FIGURE 41 FORCE SENSORS TO CLAIM LARGEST MARKET SHARE DURING FORECAST PERIOD 125
TABLE 86 ENERGY & POWER: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 126
TABLE 87 ENERGY & POWER: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 126
TABLE 88 ENERGY & POWER: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 127
TABLE 89 ENERGY & POWER: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 127
9.7 MINING 127
9.7.1 INCREASING USE OF MINERALS AND NATURAL RESOURCES IN MINING ACTIVITIES TO FUEL MARKET GROWTH 127
TABLE 90 MINING: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 128
TABLE 91 MINING: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 128
TABLE 92 MINING: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 129
TABLE 93 MINING: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 129
10 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY REGION 130
10.1 INTRODUCTION 131
FIGURE 42 ASIA PACIFIC TO DISPLAY HIGHEST CAGR IN GLOBAL INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 131
TABLE 94 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 131
TABLE 95 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 132
10.2 NORTH AMERICA 132
10.2.1 RECESSION IMPACT ON MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA 133
FIGURE 43 NORTH AMERICA: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET SNAPSHOT 133
TABLE 96 NORTH AMERICA: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 134
TABLE 97 NORTH AMERICA: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 134
TABLE 98 NORTH AMERICA: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 134
TABLE 99 NORTH AMERICA: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 135
10.2.2 US 135
10.2.2.1 Growing demand for automation in various industries to drive market 135
TABLE 100 US: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 136
TABLE 101 US: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 136
10.2.3 CANADA 136
10.2.3.1 Mining, automotive, and oil & gas industries to offer lucrative growth opportunities to players 136
TABLE 102 CANADA: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 137
TABLE 103 CANADA: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 137
10.2.4 MEXICO 137
10.2.4.1 Rapid industrialization and urbanization to boost demand 137
TABLE 104 MEXICO: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 138
TABLE 105 MEXICO: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 138
10.3 EUROPE 139
10.3.1 RECESSION IMPACT ON MARKET IN EUROPE 139
FIGURE 44 EUROPE: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET SNAPSHOT 140
TABLE 106 EUROPE: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 141
TABLE 107 EUROPE: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 141
TABLE 108 EUROPE: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 141
TABLE 109 EUROPE: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 142
10.3.2 UK 142
10.3.2.1 Thriving food & beverages industry to boost demand 142
TABLE 110 UK: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 143
TABLE 111 UK: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 143
10.3.3 GERMANY 143
10.3.3.1 Technological advancements in automotive sector to drive market 143
TABLE 112 GERMANY: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 144
TABLE 113 GERMANY: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 144
10.3.4 FRANCE 144
10.3.4.1 Expanding mining sector to offer lucrative opportunities to players 144
TABLE 114 FRANCE: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 145
TABLE 115 FRANCE: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 145
10.3.5 REST OF EUROPE 146
TABLE 116 REST OF EUROPE: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 146
TABLE 117 REST OF EUROPE: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 147
10.4 ASIA PACIFIC 147
10.4.1 RECESSION IMPACT ON MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC 147
FIGURE 45 ASIA PACIFIC: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET SNAPSHOT 148
TABLE 118 ASIA PACIFIC: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 149
TABLE 119 ASIA PACIFIC: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 149
TABLE 120 ASIA PACIFIC: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 149
TABLE 121 ASIA PACIFIC: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 150
10.4.2 CHINA 150
10.4.2.1 Increasing demand from energy & power sector to boost demand 150
TABLE 122 CHINA: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 151
TABLE 123 CHINA: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 151
10.4.3 JAPAN 151
10.4.3.1 Growing demand for sensor-equipped medical devices due to rising aging population to drive market 151
TABLE 124 JAPAN: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 152
TABLE 125 JAPAN: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 152
10.4.4 SOUTH KOREA 153
10.4.4.1 Developing automotive and consumer electronics industries to boost demand 153
TABLE 126 SOUTH KOREA: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 153
TABLE 127 SOUTH KOREA: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 154
10.4.5 INDIA 154
10.4.5.1 Growing petrochemicals industry to drive market 154
TABLE 128 INDIA: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 155
TABLE 129 INDIA: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 155
10.4.6 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC 156
TABLE 130 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 156
TABLE 131 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 156
10.5 ROW 157
10.5.1 RECESSION IMPACT ON MARKET IN ROW 157
TABLE 132 ROW: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 157
TABLE 133 ROW: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 158
TABLE 134 ROW: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 158
TABLE 135 ROW: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 158
TABLE 136 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 158
TABLE 137 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 159
10.5.2 GCC 159
10.5.2.1 Established oil & gas industry to accelerate demand 159
TABLE 138 GCC: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 160
TABLE 139 GCC: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 160
10.5.3 SOUTH AMERICA 161
10.5.3.1 Technological advancements in automotive and manufacturing sectors to boost demand 161
TABLE 140 SOUTH AMERICA: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 161
TABLE 141 SOUTH AMERICA: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 161
10.5.4 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 162
10.5.4.1 Increasing adoption of IoT and smart technologies to boost demand 162
TABLE 142 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 162
TABLE 143 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 162
11 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 163
11.1 OVERVIEW 163
11.2 STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY MAJOR PLAYERS, 2020–2023 163
TABLE 144 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET: OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY KEY PLAYERS, 2020–2023 163
11.3 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2022 165
FIGURE 46 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2022 165
TABLE 145 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2022 165
11.4 REVENUE ANALYSIS, 2018–2022 167
FIGURE 47 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET: REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP FIVE PLAYERS, 2018–2022 167
11.5 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX, 2022 168
11.5.1 STARS 168
11.5.2 EMERGING LEADERS 168
11.5.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS 168
11.5.4 PARTICIPANTS 168
FIGURE 48 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET: COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX, 2022 169
11.6 COMPANY FOOTPRINT 170
TABLE 146 OVERALL COMPANY FOOTPRINT (25) 170
TABLE 147 SENSOR TYPE FOOTPRINT (25) 171
TABLE 148 END-USER INDUSTRY FOOTPRINT (25) 172
TABLE 149 REGION FOOTPRINT (25) 173
11.7 START-UPS/SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES (SMES) EVALUATION MATRIX, 2022 174
TABLE 150 START-UPS/SMES IN INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET 174
11.7.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES 176
11.7.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES 176
11.7.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES 176
11.7.4 STARTING BLOCKS 176
FIGURE 49 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET, START-UPS/SMES EVALUATION MATRIX, 2022 177
11.7.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING 178
TABLE 151 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET: LIST OF KEY START-UPS/SMES 178
TABLE 152 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF START-UPS/SMES 178
11.8 COMPETITIVE SCENARIOS AND TRENDS 179
11.8.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES 179
TABLE 153 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET: PRODUCT LAUNCHES, 2020–2023 179
11.8.2 DEALS 180
TABLE 154 INDUSTRIAL SENSORS MARKET: DEALS, 2020–2023 180
12 COMPANY PROFILES 181
(Business overview, Products/Solutions/Services offered, Recent developments & MnM View)*
12.1 KEY COMPANIES 181
12.1.1 ROCKWELL AUTOMATION 181
TABLE 155 ROCKWELL AUTOMATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW 181
FIGURE 50 ROCKWELL AUTOMATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 182
TABLE 156 ROCKWELL AUTOMATION: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 182
TABLE 157 ROCKWELL AUTOMATION: DEALS 184
12.1.2 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC. 186
TABLE 158 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 186
FIGURE 51 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 187
TABLE 159 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC.: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 187
TABLE 160 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC.: PRODUCT LAUNCHES 189
TABLE 161 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC.: DEALS 189
12.1.3 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED 191
TABLE 162 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED: COMPANY OVERVIEW 191
FIGURE 52 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 192
TABLE 163 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 192
TABLE 164 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED: PRODUCT LAUNCHES 193
12.1.4 PANASONIC CORPORATION 195
TABLE 165 PANASONIC CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW 195
FIGURE 53 PANASONIC CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 196
TABLE 166 PANASONIC CORPORATION: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 197
TABLE 167 PANASONIC CORPORATION: PRODUCT LAUNCHES 198
TABLE 168 PANASONIC CORPORATION: DEALS 198
12.1.5 STMICROELECTRONICS 200
TABLE 169 STMICROELECTRONICS: COMPANY OVERVIEW 200
FIGURE 54 STMICROELECTRONICS: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 201
TABLE 170 STMICROELECTRONICS: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 201
TABLE 171 STMICROELECTRONICS: PRODUCT LAUNCHES 202
TABLE 172 STMICROELECTRONICS: DEALS 202
12.1.6 TE CONNECTIVITY 204
TABLE 173 TE CONNECTIVITY: COMPANY OVERVIEW 204
FIGURE 55 TE CONNECTIVITY: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 205
TABLE 174 TE CONNECTIVITY: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 206
TABLE 175 TE CONNECTIVITY: DEALS 206
12.1.7 SIEMENS 207
TABLE 176 SIEMENS: COMPANY OVERVIEW 207
FIGURE 56 SIEMENS: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 208
TABLE 177 SIEMENS: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 209
TABLE 178 SIEMENS: PRODUCT LAUNCHES 210
12.1.8 AMPHENOL CORPORATION 211
TABLE 179 AMPHENOL CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW 211
FIGURE 57 AMPHENOL CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 212
TABLE 180 AMPHENOL CORPORATION: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 212
TABLE 181 AMPHENOL CORPORATION: PRODUCT LAUNCHES 214
TABLE 182 AMPHENOL CORPORATION: DEALS 214
12.1.9 DWYER INSTRUMENTS, LLC. 215
TABLE 183 DWYER INSTRUMENTS, LLC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 215
TABLE 184 DWYER INSTRUMENTS, LLC.: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 215
TABLE 185 DWYER INSTRUMENTS, LLC.: PRODUCT LAUNCHES 216
12.1.10 BOSCH SENSORTEC GMBH 218
TABLE 186 BOSCH SENSORTEC GMBH: COMPANY OVERVIEW 218
TABLE 187 BOSCH SENSORTEC GMBH: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 218
*Details on Business overview, Products/Solutions/Services offered, Recent developments & MnM View might not be captured in case of unlisted companies.
12.2 OTHER PLAYERS 220
12.2.1 OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. 220
12.2.2 SENSIRION AG 221
12.2.3 AMS-OSRAM AG 222
12.2.4 MICROCHIP TECHNOLOGY INC. 223
12.2.5 ABB 224
12.2.6 NXP SEMICONDUCTORS 225
12.2.7 ENDRESS+HAUSER GROUP SERVICES AG 226
12.2.8 FIGARO ENGINEERING INC. 227
12.2.9 SAFRAN COLIBRYS SA 228
12.2.10 ANALOG DEVICES, INC. 229
12.2.11 INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES AG 230
12.2.12 RENESAS ELECTRONICS CORPORATION 231
12.2.13 BREEZE TECHNOLOGIES 232
12.2.14 ELICHENS 232
12.2.15 EDINBURGH SENSORS 233
13 APPENDIX 234
13.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE 234
13.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 237
13.3 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS 239
13.4 RELATED REPORTS 239
13.5 AUTHOR DETAILS 240
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