1 Market Overview
1.1 Patty Former Machine Introduction
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.2.1 Overview: Global Patty Former Machine Revenue by Type: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.2.2 Semi-Automatic Type
1.2.3 Fully Automatic Type
1.2.4 Programmable Type
1.3 Market Analysis by Application
1.3.1 Overview: Global Patty Former Machine Revenue by Application: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.3.2 Commercial
1.3.3 Industrial
1.3.4 Other Applications
1.4 Global Patty Former Machine Market Size & Forecast
1.4.1 Global Patty Former Machine Sales in Value (2017 & 2021 & 2028)
1.4.2 Global Patty Former Machine Sales in Volume (2017-2028)
1.4.3 Global Patty Former Machine Price (2017-2028)
1.5 Global Patty Former Machine Production Capacity Analysis
1.5.1 Global Patty Former Machine Total Production Capacity (2017-2028)
1.5.2 Global Patty Former Machine Production Capacity by Geographic Region
1.6 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends
1.6.1 Patty Former Machine Market Drivers
1.6.2 Patty Former Machine Market Restraints
1.6.3 Patty Former Machine Trends Analysis
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 Reiser
2.1.1 Reiser Details
2.1.2 Reiser Major Business
2.1.3 Reiser Patty Former Machine Product and Services
2.1.4 Reiser Patty Former Machine Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.2 Dadaux SAS
2.2.1 Dadaux SAS Details
2.2.2 Dadaux SAS Major Business
2.2.3 Dadaux SAS Patty Former Machine Product and Services
2.2.4 Dadaux SAS Patty Former Machine Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.3 Horizon Bradco
2.3.1 Horizon Bradco Details
2.3.2 Horizon Bradco Major Business
2.3.3 Horizon Bradco Patty Former Machine Product and Services
2.3.4 Horizon Bradco Patty Former Machine Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.4 BIRO Manufacturing Company
2.4.1 BIRO Manufacturing Company Details
2.4.2 BIRO Manufacturing Company Major Business
2.4.3 BIRO Manufacturing Company Patty Former Machine Product and Services
2.4.4 BIRO Manufacturing Company Patty Former Machine Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.5 Provisur Technologies
2.5.1 Provisur Technologies Details
2.5.2 Provisur Technologies Major Business
2.5.3 Provisur Technologies Patty Former Machine Product and Services
2.5.4 Provisur Technologies Patty Former Machine Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.6 Jinan Hiwell Machinery
2.6.1 Jinan Hiwell Machinery Details
2.6.2 Jinan Hiwell Machinery Major Business
2.6.3 Jinan Hiwell Machinery Patty Former Machine Product and Services
2.6.4 Jinan Hiwell Machinery Patty Former Machine Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3 Patty Former Machine Breakdown Data by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Patty Former Machine Sales in Volume by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3.2 Global Patty Former Machine Revenue by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3.3 Key Manufacturer Market Position in Patty Former Machine
3.4 Market Concentration Rate
3.4.1 Top 3 Patty Former Machine Manufacturer Market Share in 2021
3.4.2 Top 6 Patty Former Machine Manufacturer Market Share in 2021
3.5 Global Patty Former Machine Production Capacity by Company: 2021 VS 2022
3.6 Manufacturer by Geography: Head Office and Patty Former Machine Production Site
3.7 New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions
4 Market Analysis by Region
4.1 Global Patty Former Machine Market Size by Region
4.1.1 Global Patty Former Machine Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
4.1.2 Global Patty Former Machine Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
4.2 North America Patty Former Machine Revenue (2017-2028)
4.3 Europe Patty Former Machine Revenue (2017-2028)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Patty Former Machine Revenue (2017-2028)
4.5 South America Patty Former Machine Revenue (2017-2028)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Patty Former Machine Revenue (2017-2028)
5 Market Segment by Type
5.1 Global Patty Former Machine Sales in Volume by Type (2017-2028)
5.2 Global Patty Former Machine Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
5.3 Global Patty Former Machine Price by Type (2017-2028)
6 Market Segment by Application
6.1 Global Patty Former Machine Sales in Volume by Application (2017-2028)
6.2 Global Patty Former Machine Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
6.3 Global Patty Former Machine Price by Application (2017-2028)
7 North America by Country, by Type, and by Application
7.1 North America Patty Former Machine Sales by Type (2017-2028)
7.2 North America Patty Former Machine Sales by Application (2017-2028)
7.3 North America Patty Former Machine Market Size by Country
7.3.1 North America Patty Former Machine Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.2 North America Patty Former Machine Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8 Europe by Country, by Type, and by Application
8.1 Europe Patty Former Machine Sales by Type (2017-2028)
8.2 Europe Patty Former Machine Sales by Application (2017-2028)
8.3 Europe Patty Former Machine Market Size by Country
8.3.1 Europe Patty Former Machine Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.2 Europe Patty Former Machine Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9 Asia-Pacific by Region, by Type, and by Application
9.1 Asia-Pacific Patty Former Machine Sales by Type (2017-2028)
9.2 Asia-Pacific Patty Former Machine Sales by Application (2017-2028)
9.3 Asia-Pacific Patty Former Machine Market Size by Region
9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Patty Former Machine Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Patty Former Machine Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10 South America by Region, by Type, and by Application
10.1 South America Patty Former Machine Sales by Type (2017-2028)
10.2 South America Patty Former Machine Sales by Application (2017-2028)
10.3 South America Patty Former Machine Market Size by Country
10.3.1 South America Patty Former Machine Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.2 South America Patty Former Machine Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11 Middle East & Africa by Country, by Type, and by Application
11.1 Middle East & Africa Patty Former Machine Sales by Type (2017-2028)
11.2 Middle East & Africa Patty Former Machine Sales by Application (2017-2028)
11.3 Middle East & Africa Patty Former Machine Market Size by Country
11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Patty Former Machine Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Patty Former Machine Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
12 Raw Material and Industry Chain
12.1 Raw Material of Patty Former Machine and Key Manufacturers
12.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Patty Former Machine
12.3 Patty Former Machine Production Process
12.4 Patty Former Machine Industrial Chain
13 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
13.1 Sales Channel
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.2 Patty Former Machine Typical Distributors
13.3 Patty Former Machine Typical Customers
14 Research Findings and Conclusion
15 Appendix
15.1 Methodology
15.2 Research Process and Data Source
15.3 Disclaimer
Table 1. Global Patty Former Machine Revenue by Type, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 2. Global Patty Former Machine Revenue by Application, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 3. Reiser Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 4. Reiser Major Business
Table 5. Reiser Patty Former Machine Product and Services
Table 6. Reiser Patty Former Machine Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 7. Dadaux SAS Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 8. Dadaux SAS Major Business
Table 9. Dadaux SAS Patty Former Machine Product and Services
Table 10. Dadaux SAS Patty Former Machine Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 11. Horizon Bradco Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 12. Horizon Bradco Major Business
Table 13. Horizon Bradco Patty Former Machine Product and Services
Table 14. Horizon Bradco Patty Former Machine Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 15. BIRO Manufacturing Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 16. BIRO Manufacturing Company Major Business
Table 17. BIRO Manufacturing Company Patty Former Machine Product and Services
Table 18. BIRO Manufacturing Company Patty Former Machine Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 19. Provisur Technologies Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 20. Provisur Technologies Major Business
Table 21. Provisur Technologies Patty Former Machine Product and Services
Table 22. Provisur Technologies Patty Former Machine Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 23. Jinan Hiwell Machinery Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 24. Jinan Hiwell Machinery Major Business
Table 25. Jinan Hiwell Machinery Patty Former Machine Product and Services
Table 26. Jinan Hiwell Machinery Patty Former Machine Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 27. Global Patty Former Machine Sales by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022) & (K Units)
Table 28. Global Patty Former Machine Revenue by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022) & (USD Million)
Table 29. Market Position of Manufacturers in Patty Former Machine, (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3), Based on Revenue in 2021
Table 30. Global Patty Former Machine Production Capacity by Company, (K Units): 2020 VS 2021
Table 31. Head Office and Patty Former Machine Production Site of Key Manufacturer
Table 32. Patty Former Machine New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
Table 33. Patty Former Machine Mergers & Acquisitions in the Past Five Years
Table 34. Global Patty Former Machine Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 35. Global Patty Former Machine Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 36. Global Patty Former Machine Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 37. Global Patty Former Machine Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 38. Global Patty Former Machine Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 39. Global Patty Former Machine Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 40. Global Patty Former Machine Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 41. Global Patty Former Machine Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 42. Global Patty Former Machine Price by Type (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)
Table 43. Global Patty Former Machine Price by Type (2023-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Table 44. Global Patty Former Machine Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 45. Global Patty Former Machine Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 46. Global Patty Former Machine Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 47. Global Patty Former Machine Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 48. Global Patty Former Machine Price by Application (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)
Table 49. Global Patty Former Machine Price by Application (2023-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Table 50. North America Patty Former Machine Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 51. North America Patty Former Machine Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 52. North America Patty Former Machine Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 53. North America Patty Former Machine Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 54. North America Patty Former Machine Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 55. North America Patty Former Machine Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 56. North America Patty Former Machine Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 57. North America Patty Former Machine Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 58. Europe Patty Former Machine Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 59. Europe Patty Former Machine Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 60. Europe Patty Former Machine Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 61. Europe Patty Former Machine Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 62. Europe Patty Former Machine Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 63. Europe Patty Former Machine Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 64. Europe Patty Former Machine Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 65. Europe Patty Former Machine Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 66. Asia-Pacific Patty Former Machine Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 67. Asia-Pacific Patty Former Machine Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 68. Asia-Pacific Patty Former Machine Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 69. Asia-Pacific Patty Former Machine Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 70. Asia-Pacific Patty Former Machine Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 71. Asia-Pacific Patty Former Machine Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 72. Asia-Pacific Patty Former Machine Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 73. Asia-Pacific Patty Former Machine Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 74. South America Patty Former Machine Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 75. South America Patty Former Machine Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 76. South America Patty Former Machine Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 77. South America Patty Former Machine Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 78. South America Patty Former Machine Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 79. South America Patty Former Machine Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 80. South America Patty Former Machine Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 81. South America Patty Former Machine Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 82. Middle East & Africa Patty Former Machine Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 83. Middle East & Africa Patty Former Machine Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 84. Middle East & Africa Patty Former Machine Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 85. Middle East & Africa Patty Former Machine Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 86. Middle East & Africa Patty Former Machine Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 87. Middle East & Africa Patty Former Machine Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 88. Middle East & Africa Patty Former Machine Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 89. Middle East & Africa Patty Former Machine Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 90. Patty Former Machine Raw Material
Table 91. Key Manufacturers of Patty Former Machine Raw Materials
Table 92. Direct Channel Pros & Cons
Table 93. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons
Table 94. Patty Former Machine Typical Distributors
Table 95. Patty Former Machine Typical Customers
List of Figures
Figure 1. Patty Former Machine Picture
Figure 2. Global Patty Former Machine Revenue Market Share by Type in 2021
Figure 3. Semi-Automatic Type
Figure 4. Fully Automatic Type
Figure 5. Programmable Type
Figure 6. Global Patty Former Machine Revenue Market Share by Application in 2021
Figure 7. Commercial
Figure 8. Industrial
Figure 9. Other Applications
Figure 10. Global Patty Former Machine Revenue, (USD Million) & (K Units): 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Figure 11. Global Patty Former Machine Revenue and Forecast (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 12. Global Patty Former Machine Sales (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 13. Global Patty Former Machine Price (2017-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Figure 14. Global Patty Former Machine Production Capacity (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 15. Global Patty Former Machine Production Capacity by Geographic Region: 2022 VS 2028
Figure 16. Patty Former Machine Market Drivers
Figure 17. Patty Former Machine Market Restraints
Figure 18. Patty Former Machine Market Trends
Figure 19. Global Patty Former Machine Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Figure 20. Global Patty Former Machine Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Figure 21. Patty Former Machine Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) in 2021
Figure 22. Top 3 Patty Former Machine Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure 23. Top 6 Patty Former Machine Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure 24. Global Patty Former Machine Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 25. Global Patty Former Machine Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 26. North America Patty Former Machine Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 27. Europe Patty Former Machine Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 28. Asia-Pacific Patty Former Machine Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 29. South America Patty Former Machine Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 30. Middle East & Africa Patty Former Machine Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 31. Global Patty Former Machine Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 32. Global Patty Former Machine Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 33. Global Patty Former Machine Price by Type (2017-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Figure 34. Global Patty Former Machine Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 35. Global Patty Former Machine Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 36. Global Patty Former Machine Price by Application (2017-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Figure 37. North America Patty Former Machine Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 38. North America Patty Former Machine Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 39. North America Patty Former Machine Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 40. North America Patty Former Machine Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 41. United States Patty Former Machine Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 42. Canada Patty Former Machine Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 43. Mexico Patty Former Machine Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 44. Europe Patty Former Machine Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 45. Europe Patty Former Machine Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 46. Europe Patty Former Machine Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 47. Europe Patty Former Machine Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 48. Germany Patty Former Machine Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 49. France Patty Former Machine Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 50. United Kingdom Patty Former Machine Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 51. Russia Patty Former Machine Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 52. Italy Patty Former Machine Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 53. Asia-Pacific Patty Former Machine Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 54. Asia-Pacific Patty Former Machine Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 55. Asia-Pacific Patty Former Machine Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 56. Asia-Pacific Patty Former Machine Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 57. China Patty Former Machine Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 58. Japan Patty Former Machine Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 59. Korea Patty Former Machine Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 60. India Patty Former Machine Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 61. Southeast Asia Patty Former Machine Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 62. Australia Patty Former Machine Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 63. South America Patty Former Machine Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 64. South America Patty Former Machine Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 65. South America Patty Former Machine Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 66. South America Patty Former Machine Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 67. Brazil Patty Former Machine Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 68. Argentina Patty Former Machine Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 69. Middle East & Africa Patty Former Machine Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 70. Middle East & Africa Patty Former Machine Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 71. Middle East & Africa Patty Former Machine Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 72. Middle East & Africa Patty Former Machine Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 73. Turkey Patty Former Machine Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 74. Egypt Patty Former Machine Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 75. Saudi Arabia Patty Former Machine Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 76. South Africa Patty Former Machine Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 77. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Patty Former Machine in 2021
Figure 78. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Patty Former Machine
Figure 79. Patty Former Machine Industrial Chain
Figure 80. Sales Channel: Direct Channel vs Indirect Channel
Figure 81. Methodology
Figure 82. Research Process and Data Source
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