1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 1, 3-Propanediol Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global 1, 3-Propanediol Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global 1, 3-Propanediol Overall Market Size
2.1 Global 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales: 2018-2029
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top 1, 3-Propanediol Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global 1, 3-Propanediol Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales by Companies
3.5 Global 1, 3-Propanediol Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 1, 3-Propanediol Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers 1, 3-Propanediol Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 1, 3-Propanediol Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 1, 3-Propanediol Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 1, 3-Propanediol Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 Bio-Based PDO
4.1.3 Petrochemical-Based PDO
4.2 By Type – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
4.3 By Type – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales, 2024-2029
4.3.3 By Type – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
4.4 By Type – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 Polytrimethylene Terephthalate (PTT)
5.1.3 Polyurethane
5.1.4 Cosmetic And Personal Care
5.1.5 Engine Coolants
5.1.6 Heat Transfer Fluid
5.1.7 De-Icing Fluid
5.1.8 Others
5.2 By Application – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5.3 By Application – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales, 2024-2029
5.3.3 By Application – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
5.4 By Application – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 By Region – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales, 2024-2029
6.3.3 By Region – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country – North America 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 By Country – North America 1, 3-Propanediol Sales, 2018-2029
6.4.3 US 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 Canada 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Mexico 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country – Europe 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 By Country – Europe 1, 3-Propanediol Sales, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Germany 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 France 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 U.K. 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 Italy 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.7 Russia 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.8 Nordic Countries 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.9 Benelux 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region – Asia 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 By Region – Asia 1, 3-Propanediol Sales, 2018-2029
6.6.3 China 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.4 Japan 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.5 South Korea 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.6 Southeast Asia 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.7 India 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country – South America 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 By Country – South America 1, 3-Propanediol Sales, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Brazil 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Argentina 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country – Middle East & Africa 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, 2018-2029
6.8.2 By Country – Middle East & Africa 1, 3-Propanediol Sales, 2018-2029
6.8.3 Turkey 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.4 Israel 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.6 UAE 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 DuPont
7.1.1 DuPont Company Summary
7.1.2 DuPont Business Overview
7.1.3 DuPont 1, 3-Propanediol Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 DuPont 1, 3-Propanediol Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 DuPont Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Metabolic Explorer
7.2.1 Metabolic Explorer Company Summary
7.2.2 Metabolic Explorer Business Overview
7.2.3 Metabolic Explorer 1, 3-Propanediol Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Metabolic Explorer 1, 3-Propanediol Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Metabolic Explorer Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Zhangjiagang Glory Biomaterial
7.3.1 Zhangjiagang Glory Biomaterial Company Summary
7.3.2 Zhangjiagang Glory Biomaterial Business Overview
7.3.3 Zhangjiagang Glory Biomaterial 1, 3-Propanediol Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Zhangjiagang Glory Biomaterial 1, 3-Propanediol Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Zhangjiagang Glory Biomaterial Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Zouping Mingxing Chemical
7.4.1 Zouping Mingxing Chemical Company Summary
7.4.2 Zouping Mingxing Chemical Business Overview
7.4.3 Zouping Mingxing Chemical 1, 3-Propanediol Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Zouping Mingxing Chemical 1, 3-Propanediol Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Zouping Mingxing Chemical Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Shell
7.5.1 Shell Company Summary
7.5.2 Shell Business Overview
7.5.3 Shell 1, 3-Propanediol Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Shell 1, 3-Propanediol Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Shell Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Shanghai Jinjinle Industry
7.6.1 Shanghai Jinjinle Industry Company Summary
7.6.2 Shanghai Jinjinle Industry Business Overview
7.6.3 Shanghai Jinjinle Industry 1, 3-Propanediol Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Shanghai Jinjinle Industry 1, 3-Propanediol Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Shanghai Jinjinle Industry Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Salicylates And Chemicals
7.7.1 Salicylates And Chemicals Company Summary
7.7.2 Salicylates And Chemicals Business Overview
7.7.3 Salicylates And Chemicals 1, 3-Propanediol Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Salicylates And Chemicals 1, 3-Propanediol Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Salicylates And Chemicals Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Chongqing Kunlun Chemical
7.8.1 Chongqing Kunlun Chemical Company Summary
7.8.2 Chongqing Kunlun Chemical Business Overview
7.8.3 Chongqing Kunlun Chemical 1, 3-Propanediol Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Chongqing Kunlun Chemical 1, 3-Propanediol Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Chongqing Kunlun Chemical Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global 1, 3-Propanediol Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global 1, 3-Propanediol Production Capacity, 2018-2029
8.2 1, 3-Propanediol Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global 1, 3-Propanediol Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 1, 3-Propanediol Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 1, 3-Propanediol Industry Value Chain
10.2 1, 3-Propanediol Upstream Market
10.3 1, 3-Propanediol Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 1, 3-Propanediol Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
Table 1. Key Players of 1, 3-Propanediol in Global Market
Table 2. Top 1, 3-Propanediol Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales by Companies, (MT), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers 1, 3-Propanediol Price (2018-2023) & (USD/MT)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers 1, 3-Propanediol Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 1, 3-Propanediol Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 1, 3-Propanediol Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 12. By Type - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 14. By Type - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales (MT), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales (MT), 2024-2029
Table 16. By Application – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 17. By Application - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 19. By Application - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales (MT), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales (MT), 2024-2029
Table 21. By Region – Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2029
Table 22. By Region - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 24. By Region - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales (MT), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales (MT), 2024-2029
Table 26. By Country - North America 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 28. By Country - North America 1, 3-Propanediol Sales, (MT), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America 1, 3-Propanediol Sales, (MT), 2024-2029
Table 30. By Country - Europe 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 32. By Country - Europe 1, 3-Propanediol Sales, (MT), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe 1, 3-Propanediol Sales, (MT), 2024-2029
Table 34. By Region - Asia 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 36. By Region - Asia 1, 3-Propanediol Sales, (MT), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia 1, 3-Propanediol Sales, (MT), 2024-2029
Table 38. By Country - South America 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 40. By Country - South America 1, 3-Propanediol Sales, (MT), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America 1, 3-Propanediol Sales, (MT), 2024-2029
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa 1, 3-Propanediol Sales, (MT), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa 1, 3-Propanediol Sales, (MT), 2024-2029
Table 46. DuPont Company Summary
Table 47. DuPont 1, 3-Propanediol Product Offerings
Table 48. DuPont 1, 3-Propanediol Sales (MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 49. DuPont Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Metabolic Explorer Company Summary
Table 51. Metabolic Explorer 1, 3-Propanediol Product Offerings
Table 52. Metabolic Explorer 1, 3-Propanediol Sales (MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 53. Metabolic Explorer Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Zhangjiagang Glory Biomaterial Company Summary
Table 55. Zhangjiagang Glory Biomaterial 1, 3-Propanediol Product Offerings
Table 56. Zhangjiagang Glory Biomaterial 1, 3-Propanediol Sales (MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 57. Zhangjiagang Glory Biomaterial Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Zouping Mingxing Chemical Company Summary
Table 59. Zouping Mingxing Chemical 1, 3-Propanediol Product Offerings
Table 60. Zouping Mingxing Chemical 1, 3-Propanediol Sales (MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Zouping Mingxing Chemical Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Shell Company Summary
Table 63. Shell 1, 3-Propanediol Product Offerings
Table 64. Shell 1, 3-Propanediol Sales (MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 65. Shell Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Shanghai Jinjinle Industry Company Summary
Table 67. Shanghai Jinjinle Industry 1, 3-Propanediol Product Offerings
Table 68. Shanghai Jinjinle Industry 1, 3-Propanediol Sales (MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 69. Shanghai Jinjinle Industry Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Salicylates And Chemicals Company Summary
Table 71. Salicylates And Chemicals 1, 3-Propanediol Product Offerings
Table 72. Salicylates And Chemicals 1, 3-Propanediol Sales (MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 73. Salicylates And Chemicals Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Chongqing Kunlun Chemical Company Summary
Table 75. Chongqing Kunlun Chemical 1, 3-Propanediol Product Offerings
Table 76. Chongqing Kunlun Chemical 1, 3-Propanediol Sales (MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 77. Chongqing Kunlun Chemical Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. 1, 3-Propanediol Production Capacity (MT) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (MT)
Table 79. Global 1, 3-Propanediol Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 80. Global 1, 3-Propanediol Production by Region, 2018-2023 (MT)
Table 81. Global 1, 3-Propanediol Production by Region, 2024-2029 (MT)
Table 82. 1, 3-Propanediol Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 83. 1, 3-Propanediol Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 84. 1, 3-Propanediol Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 85. 1, 3-Propanediol Raw Materials
Table 86. 1, 3-Propanediol Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 87. Typical 1, 3-Propanediol Downstream
Table 88. 1, 3-Propanediol Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 89. 1, 3-Propanediol Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. 1, 3-Propanediol Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. 1, 3-Propanediol Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global 1, 3-Propanediol Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global 1, 3-Propanediol Market Size: 2022 VS 2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, 2018-2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. 1, 3-Propanediol Sales in Global Market: 2018-2029 (MT)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 10. By Type - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 11. By Type - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 12. By Type - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Price (USD/MT), 2018-2029
Figure 13. By Application - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 14. By Application - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 15. By Application - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 16. By Application - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Price (USD/MT), 2018-2029
Figure 17. By Region - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 18. By Region - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Figure 19. By Region - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 20. By Region - Global 1, 3-Propanediol Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 21. By Country - North America 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 22. By Country - North America 1, 3-Propanediol Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 23. US 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 24. Canada 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 25. Mexico 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 26. By Country - Europe 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 27. By Country - Europe 1, 3-Propanediol Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 28. Germany 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 29. France 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 30. U.K. 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 31. Italy 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 32. Russia 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 33. Nordic Countries 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 34. Benelux 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 35. By Region - Asia 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 36. By Region - Asia 1, 3-Propanediol Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 37. China 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 38. Japan 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 39. South Korea 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 40. Southeast Asia 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 41. India 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 42. By Country - South America 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 43. By Country - South America 1, 3-Propanediol Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 44. Brazil 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 45. Argentina 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa 1, 3-Propanediol Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 48. Turkey 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 49. Israel 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 51. UAE 1, 3-Propanediol Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 52. Global 1, 3-Propanediol Production Capacity (MT), 2018-2029
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production 1, 3-Propanediol by Region, 2022 VS 2029
Figure 54. 1, 3-Propanediol Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels
❖ 免責事項 ❖
http://www.globalresearch.jp/disclaimer